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 PMID:39299237  

Lysosome-related organelle integrity suppresses TIR-1 aggregation to restrain toxic propagation of p38 innate immunity.

Samantha Y Tse-Kang | Read Pukkila-Worley
Cell reports | 2024

Innate immunity in bacteria, plants, and animals requires the specialized subset of Toll/interleukin-1/resistance gene (TIR) domain proteins that are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) hydrolases. Aggregation of these TIR proteins engages their enzymatic activity, but it is unknown how this protein multimerization is regulated. Here, we discover that TIR oligomerization is controlled to prevent immune toxicity. We find that p38 propagates its own activation in a positive feedback loop, which promotes the aggregation of the lone enzymatic TIR protein in the nematode C. elegans (TIR-1, homologous to human sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 [SARM1]). We perform a forward genetic screen to determine how the p38 positive feedback loop is regulated. We discover that the integrity of the specific lysosomal subcompartment that expresses TIR-1 is actively maintained to limit inappropriate TIR-1 aggregation on the membranes of these organelles, which restrains toxic propagation of p38 innate immunity. Thus, innate immunity in C. elegans intestinal epithelial cells is regulated by specific control of TIR-1 multimerization.

Pubmed ID: 39299237

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P40 OD010440
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI130289
  • Agency: NIDDK NIH HHS, United States
    Id: F30 DK127690
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21 AI163430
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 AI095213
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI159159
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 GM107000

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