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The polyandrous mating system of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) has garnered widespread attention. Long-lived honeybee queens only mate early in maturation, and the sperm obtained from the aerial mating is stored in the spermatheca. The maintenance of sperm viability in the spermatheca is an intriguing and complex process. However, the key physiological and biochemical adaptations underlying the long-term storage of sperm remain unclear. Analysis of the metabolite profile could help better understand the biology of the spermatheca and offer insights into the breeding and conservation of honeybees and even pest control strategies. Here, the changes in metabolites in the spermatheca were quantified between virgin queens and new-laying queens (with stored sperm) via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with virgin queens, changes occurred in lipids and lipid-like molecules, including fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids (GPL), prenol lipids, and sterol lipids, during storage of sperm in new-laying honeybee queens. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways that were enriched with the differentially expressed metabolites were identified and included GPL metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and the mTOR signaling pathway. The likely roles of the pathways in the maintenance and protection of sperm are discussed. The study identifies key metabolites and pathways in the complex interplay of substances that contribute to the long-term storage of sperm and ultimately reproductive success of honeybee queens.
Pubmed ID: 33240099
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A multi-institutional effort to identify and quantitate, using a systems biology approach and sophisticated mass spectrometers, all of the major - and many minor - lipid species in mammalian cells, as well as to quantitate the changes in these species in response to perturbation. The goal of their research is to better understand lipid metabolism and the active role lipids play in diabetes, stroke, cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer's and other lipid-based diseases in order to facilitate development of more effective treatments. Resources available include: LIPID MAPS publications, detailed biochemical pathways, improved protocols for lipid separation and quantification, analytical tools for determining lipid quantitation, structure drawing tools for automatically drawing lipid molecular structures in stereochemical detail, and experimental data. The LIPID MAPS organization includes six lipidomics core laboratories, each specialized in extracting, identifying, and quantifying one of the major categories of mammalian lipids: fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, and prenol lipids. Other core laboratories and bridge projects include bioinformatics, mass spectrometric imaging, lipid synthesis, oxidized lipids, and macrophage biology and genomics.
View all literature mentionsCurated collection of human metabolite and human metabolism data which contains records for endogenous metabolites, with each metabolite entry containing detailed chemical, physical, biochemical, concentration, and disease information. This is further supplemented with thousands of NMR and MS spectra collected on purified reference metabolites.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsWeb server for statistical, functional and integrative analysis of metabolomics data. Web based tool suite used for metabolomic data processing, normalization, multivariate statistical analysis, and data annotation, biomarker discovery and classification.
View all literature mentionsWelcome to the Neuroscience Information Framework Project, designed to serve the biomedical research community. NIF maintains the largest searchable collection of neuroscience data, the largest catalog of biomedical resources, and the largest ontology for neuroscience on the web. We welcome all feedback and suggestions and are actively looking for resource providers to make their resources accessible through NIF. Learn about the tools available to help you share your data and discover a dynamic inventory of Web-based neuroscience resources.
