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Accumulating evidence indicates that transcription factor (TF) binding sites, or cis-regulatory elements (CREs), and their clusters termed cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) play a more important role than do gene-coding sequences in specifying complex traits in humans, including the susceptibility to common complex diseases. To fully characterize their roles in deriving the complex traits/diseases, it is necessary to annotate all CREs and CRMs encoded in the human genome. However, the current annotations of CREs and CRMs in the human genome are still very limited and mostly coarse-grained, as they often lack the detailed information of CREs in CRMs. Here, we integrated 620 TF ChIP-seq datasets produced by the ENCODE project for 168 TFs in 79 different cell/tissue types and predicted an unprecedentedly completely map of CREs in CRMs in the human genome at single nucleotide resolution. The map includes 305 912 CRMs containing a total of 1 178 913 CREs belonging to 736 unique TF binding motifs. The predicted CREs and CRMs tend to be subject to either purifying selection or positive selection, thus are likely to be functional. Based on the results, we also examined the status of available ChIP-seq datasets for predicting the entire regulatory genome of humans.
Pubmed ID: 29733395
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Resource for experimentally validated human and mouse noncoding fragments with gene enhancer activity as assessed in transgenic mice. Most of these noncoding elements were selected for testing based on their extreme conservation in other vertebrates or epigenomic evidence (ChIP-Seq) of putative enhancer marks. Central public database of experimentally validated human and mouse noncoding fragments with gene enhancer activity as assessed in transgenic mice. Users can retrieve elements near single genes of interest, search for enhancers that target reporter gene expression to particular tissue, or download entire collections of enhancers with defined tissue specificity or conservation depth.
View all literature mentionsThe general goal is to achieve a deeper understanding of natural image statistics because from this knowledge it should be possible to explain the behavior of the visual cortex and propose new alternatives in a number of applications in image processing and computer vision in which the basic problem is the choice of an appropriate signal representation. The range of basic and applied topics in which we are currently working include: * Mathematical models of human vision * Statistical image models * Image distortion metrics * Image coding * Motion estimation * Video coding * Image restoration * Color representation
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