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https://www.humanconnectome.org/software/connectome-workbench

Software brain visualization, analysis and discovery tool for fMRI and dMRI brain imaging data, including functional and structural connectivity data generated by the Human Connectome Project. Used to map brain imaging data. Allows for visualization of outputs from HCP pipelines from single subject, or average data from group of subjects and register that data onto standard brain atlas.

Proper citation: Connectome Workbench (RRID:SCR_008750) Copy   

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http://humanconnectome.org/

Consortium to comprehensively map long-distance brain connections and their variability. It is acquiring data and developing analysis pipelines for several modalities of neuroimaging data plus behavioral and genetic data from healthy adults.

Proper citation: Human Connectome Coordination Facility (RRID:SCR_008749) Copy   

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http://www.nimh.nih.gov/educational-resources/neuroscience-and-psychiatry/neuroscience-and-psychiatry-module-2-fear-safety-anxiety-and-anxiety-disorders.shtml

This is the second in a series of modules on neuroscience and psychiatry. This module describes neuroscience research on animal models of fear that informed human studies of fear/safety, anxiety and anxiety disorders. This model helps shed light on the symptoms of PTSD and lead to the development of a novel treatment that has been successful in research studies for several anxiety disorders.

Proper citation: Neuroscience and Psychiatry Module 2: Fear/Safety Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders (RRID:SCR_008843) Copy   

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http://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-trials-for-researchers/practical/tordia/treatment-of-ssri-resistant-depression-in-adolescents-tordia.shtml

A multi-site, clinical research study examining treatment options for teens whose depression has not improved after one adequate trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a type of antidepressant. The purpose of the study is to determine how best to treat adolescents with depression that is resistant to the first SSRI antidepressant they have tried. Participants receive one of three other antidepressant medications, either alone or in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy. The TORDIA study aims to develop useful clinical guidelines for the care and management of adolescent depression. Adolescents ages 12 to 18, currently taking a prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and still experiencing depression, participate in a 12-week randomized treatment study that includes one of four conditions: (1) switching to an alternative SSRI, (2) switching to a different non-SSRI antidepressant, (3) switching to an alternative SSRI and receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or (4) switching to a different non-SSRI antidepressant and receiving CBT. This is a double-blind study, which means that neither the participant nor the clinical staff will know which of the three possible medications has been assigned. Participants who respond to the assigned treatment will receive 12 additional weeks of the same treatment. Those who do not appear to be getting better will be offered 12 weeks of an alternative, individualized treatment plan based on each participant''s particular needs. All participants will receive follow-up psychiatric evaluations for 12 months after the 12-week continuation phase of the study, regardless of treatment adherence. For more information visit, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00018902?term=clinical+trial+AND+treatment+of+ssri-resistant+AND+depression+AND+TORDIA+AND+study&rank=1

Proper citation: Treatment of SSRI-resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) (RRID:SCR_008831) Copy   

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http://trans.nih.gov/bmap/index.htm

The Brain Molecular Anatomy Project is a trans-NIH project aimed at understanding gene expression and function in the nervous system. BMAP has two major scientific goals: # Gene discovery: to catalog of all the genes expressed in the nervous system, under both normal and abnormal conditions. # Gene expression analysis: to monitor gene expression patterns in the nervous system as a function of cell type, anatomical location, developmental stage, and physiological state, and thus gain insight into gene function. In pursuit of these goals, BMAP has launched several initiatives to provide resources and funding opportunities for the scientific community. These include several Requests for Applications and Requests for Proposals, descriptions of which can be found in this Web site. BMAP is also in the process of establishing physical and electronic resources for the community, including repositories of cDNA clones for nervous system genes, and databases of gene expression information for the nervous system. Most of the BMAP initiatives so far have focused on the mouse as a model species because of the ease of experimental and genetic manipulation of this organism, and because many models of human disease are available in the mouse. However, research in humans, other mammalian species, non-mammalian vertebrates, and invertebrates is also being funded through BMAP. For the convenience of interested investigators, we have established this Web site as a central information resource, focusing on major NIH-sponsored funding opportunities, initiatives, genomic resources available to the research community, courses and scientific meetings related to BMAP initiatives, and selected reports and publications. When appropriate, we will also post initiatives not directly sponsored by BMAP, but which are deemed relevant to its goals. Posting decisions are made by the Trans-NIH BMAP Committee

Proper citation: BMAP - Brain Molecular Anatomy Project (RRID:SCR_008852) Copy   

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http://erpinfo.org/erplab

A set of open source, freely available Matlab routines for analyzing Event Related Potential (ERP) data. It is tightly integrated with the EEGLAB Toolbox. ERPLAB routines can be accessed from the Matlab command window and from Matlab scripts in addition to being accessed from the EEGLAB GUI. Consequently, ERPLAB provides the ease of learning of a GUI-based system but also provides the power and flexibility of a scripted system.The development of ERPLAB Toolbox is being coordinated by Steve Luck and Javier Lopez-Calderon at the UC-Davis Center for Mind & Brain, with financial support from NIMH.

Proper citation: ERPLAB (RRID:SCR_009574) Copy   

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https://github.com/BRAINSia/BRAINSTools/tree/master/BRAINSDemonWarp

A command line program for image registration by using different methods including Thirion and diffeomorphic demons algorithms. The function takes in a template image and a target image along with other optional parameters and registers the template image onto the target image. The resultant deformation fields and metric values can be written to a file. The program uses the Insight Toolkit (www.ITK.org) for all the computations, and can operate on any of the image types supported by that library. This a an ITK based implementation of various forms of Thirion Demons based registration (including diffeomorphic demons registration originating from Tom Vercauteren at INRIA ).

Proper citation: BRAINSDemonWarp (RRID:SCR_009524) Copy   

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http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/afni/

Set of (mostly) C programs that run on X11+Unix-based platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, etc.) for processing, analyzing, and displaying functional MRI (FMRI) data defined over 3D volumes and over 2D cortical surface meshes. AFNI is freely distributed as source code plus some precompiled binaries.

Proper citation: Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (RRID:SCR_005927) Copy   

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https://www.braintest.org/brain_test/BrainTest

A portal of online studies that encourage community participation to tackle the most challenging problems in neuropsychiatry, including attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Our approach is to engage the community and try to recruit tens of thousands of people to spend an hour of their time on our site. You folks will provide data in both brain tests and questionnaires, as well as DNA, and in return, we will provide some information about your brain and behavior. You will also be entered to win amazon.com gift cards. While large collaborative efforts were made in genetics in order to discover the secrets of the human genome, there are still many mysteries about the behaviors that are seen in complex neuropsychiatric syndromes and the underlying biology that gives rise to these behaviors. We know that it will require studying tens of thousands of people to begin to answer these questions. Having you, the public, as a research partner is the only way to achieve that kind of investment. This site will try to reach that goal, by combining high-throughput behavioral assessment using questionnaires and game-like cognitive tests. You provide the data and then we will provide information and feedback about why you should help us achieve our goals and how it benefits everyone in the world. We believe that through this online study, we can better understand memory and attention behaviors in the general population and their genetic basis, which will in turn allow us to better characterize how these behaviors go awry in people who suffer from mental illness. In the end, we hope this will provide better, more personalized treatment options, and ultimately prevention of these widespread and extremely debilitating brain diseases. We will use the data we collect to try to identify the genetic basis for memory and impulse control, for example. If we can achieve this goal, maybe we can then do more targeted research to understand how the biology goes awry in people who have problems with cognition, including memory and impulse control, like those diagnosed with ADHD, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. By participating in our research, you can learn about mental illness and health and help researchers tackle these complex problems. We can''t do it without your help.

Proper citation: Brain Test (RRID:SCR_006212) Copy   

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http://intramural.nimh.nih.gov/gcap/index.htm

Schizophrenia related portal that aims to solve the mystery of genetic predisposition to psychosis, develop new methods for early diagnosis and prevention, and discover new treatments that will cure people suffering from it. Our objectives are to fully characterize: # neurobiological mechanisms related to susceptibility genes for schizophrenia and related clinical disorders; # genetic variation in aspects of cognition and emotionality associated with schizophrenia; and # small molecular targets for novel therapies. A unique feature of this Program is that its diverse scientific resources will be focused on a highly specific scientific agenda, that is to acquire the critical biological information about the susceptibility genes associated with schizophrenia and related illnesses. Our mission and goal, to understand the basic mechanisms of serious mental illness, has again guided us into new areas of research and to new insights. We have found evidence of new genes implicated in the cause of schizophrenia and involved in brain functions related to cognition and emotion and we have begun to explore how genes interact with each other and with the environment to individualize risk for these conditions. We are working now with over 20 genes related to schizophrenia. One of the key developments in our research over the past year has been the emergence of some targets for the development of novel therapeutics. We have discovered a new schizophrenia susceptibility gene, KCNH2, which represents the first clear target for the development of novel treatments. Just in this past year, for example, we published the first extensive statistical analysis of how schizophrenia genes may vary in their risk effects based on different genetic background (Nicodemus et al Hum Gen 2006), the first studies of schizophrenia genes interacting in effecting gene expression in brain (Lipska et al Hum Mol Genetics 2006a, Lipska et al Hum Mol Gen 2006 b); the first evidence that the mechanism of genetic association of NRG1 with schizophrenia involves a novel isoform of the gene in human brain (Law et al PNAS 2006), and the first evidence that MAOA may be linked to mood and impulse control because it effects critical mood regulatory neural networks (Meyer-Lindenberg et al PNAS 2006).

Proper citation: Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program (RRID:SCR_006292) Copy   

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http://krasnow1.gmu.edu/cn3/index3.html

Multidisciplinary research team devoted to the study of basic neuroscience with a specific interest in the description and generation of dendritic morphology, and in its effect on neuronal electrophysiology. In the long term, they seek to create large-scale, anatomically plausible neural networks to model entire portions of a mammalian brain (such as a hippocampal slice, or a cortical column). Achievements by the CNG include the development of software for the quantitative analysis of dendritic morphology, the implementation of computational models to simulate neuronal structure, and the synthesis of anatomically accurate, large scale neuronal assemblies in virtual reality. Based on biologically plausible rules and biophysical determinants, they have designed stochastic models that can generate realistic virtual neurons. Quantitative morphological analysis indicates that virtual neurons are statistically compatible with the real data that the model parameters are measured from. Virtual neurons can be generated within an appropriate anatomical context if a system level description of the surrounding tissue is included in the model. In order to simulate anatomically realistic neural networks, axons must be grown as well as dendrites. They have developed a navigation strategy for virtual axons in a voxel substrate.

Proper citation: Computational Neuroanatomy Group (RRID:SCR_007150) Copy   

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http://brainml.org/goto.do?page=.home

Set of standards and practices for using XML to facilitate information exchange between user application software and neuroscience data repositories. It allows for common shared library routines to handle most of the data processing, but also supports use of structures specialized to the needs of particular neuroscience communities. This site also serves as a repository for BrainML models. (A BrainML model is an XML Schema and optional vocabulary files describing a data model for electronic representation of neuroscience data, including data types, formats, and controlled vocabulary. ) It focuses on layered definitions built over a common core in order to support community-driven extension. One such extension is provided by the new NIH-supported neuroinformatics initiative of the Society for Neuroscience, which supports the development of expert-derived terminology sets for several areas of neuroscience. Under a cooperative agreement, these term lists will be made available Open Source on this site.
The repository function of this site includes the following features:
* BrainML models are published in searchable, browsable form.
* Registered users may submit new models or new versions of existing models to accommodate data of interest. * BrainML model schema and vocabulary files are made available at fixed URLs to allow software applications to reference them.
* Users can check models and/or instance documents for correct format before submitting them using an online validation service.
To complement the BrainML modeling language, a set of protocols have been developed for BrainML document exchange between repositories and clients, for indexing of repositories, and for data query.

Proper citation: BrainML (RRID:SCR_007087) Copy   

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http://senselab.med.yale.edu/modeldb/

Curated database of published models so that they can be openly accessed, downloaded, and tested to support computational neuroscience. Provides accessible location for storing and efficiently retrieving computational neuroscience models.Coupled with NeuronDB. Models can be coded in any language for any environment. Model code can be viewed before downloading and browsers can be set to auto-launch the models. The model source code has to be available from publicly accessible online repository or WWW site. Original source code is used to generate simulation results from which authors derived their published insights and conclusions.

Proper citation: ModelDB (RRID:SCR_007271) Copy   

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http://trans.nih.gov/CEHP/

Trans-NIH project to assess the state of longitudinal and epidemiological research on demographic, social and biologic determinants of cognitive and emotional health in aging adults and the pathways by which cognitive and emotional health may reciprocally influence each other. A database of large scale longitudinal study relevant to healthy aging in 4 domains was created based on responses of investigators conducting these studies and is available for query. The four domains are: * Cognitive Health * Emotional Health * Demographic and Social Factors * Biomedical and Physiologic Factors

Proper citation: Cognitive and Emotional Health Project: The Healthy Brain (RRID:SCR_007390) Copy   

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http://www.nntc.org/

Collects, stores, and distributes samples of nervous tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and other tissue from HIV-infected individuals. The NNTC mission is to bolster research on the effects of HIV infection on human brain by providing high-quality, well-characterized tissue samples from patients who died with HIV, and for whom comprehensive neuromedical and neuropsychiatric data were gathered antemortem. Researchers can request tissues from patients who have been characterized by: * degree of neurobehavioral impairment * neurological and other clinical diagnoses * history of drug use * antiretroviral treatments * blood and CSF viral load * neuropathological diagnosis The NNTC encourages external researchers to submit tissue requests for ancillary studies. The Specimen Query Tool is a web-based utility that allows researchers to quickly sort and identify appropriate NNTC specimens to support their research projects. The results generated by the tool reflect the inventory at a previous time. Actual availability at the local repositories may vary as specimens are added or distributed to other investigators.

Proper citation: National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium (RRID:SCR_007323) Copy   

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http://www.broad.mit.edu/node/305

The Connectivity Map aims to generate a detailed map that links gene patterns associated with disease to corresponding patterns produced by drug candidates and a variety of genetic manipulations. The Connectivity Map is the most comprehensive effort yet for using genomics in a drug-discovery framework. It allows researchers to screen compounds against genome-wide disease signatures, rather than a pre-selected set of target genes. Drugs are paired with diseases using sophisticated pattern-matching methods with a high level of resolution and specificity. To build a Connectivity Map, the Broad Institute brings together molecular biologists, genomics specialists, computational scientists, pharmacologists, chemists and chemical biologists, as well as expertise from across the breadth and depth of medicine.Connectivity map is a large public database of signatures of drugs and genes, and pattern-matching tools to detect similarities among these signatures.The parent site for the Broad Institute at MIT has a software library of software applications developed for use in genetic analysis.

Proper citation: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Human Genetics Initiative (RRID:SCR_007436) Copy   

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http://senselab.med.yale.edu/ordb/

Database of vertebrate olfactory receptors genes and proteins. It supports sequencing and analysis of these receptors by providing a comprehensive archive with search tools for this expanding family. The database also incorporates a broad range of chemosensory genes and proteins, including the taste papilla receptors (TPRs), vomeronasal organ receptors (VNRs), insect olfaction receptors (IORs), Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory receptors (CeCRs), and fungal pheromone receptors (FPRs). ORDB currently houses chemosensory receptors for more than 50 organisms. ORDB contains public and private sections which provide tools for investigators to analyze the functions of these very large gene families of G protein-coupled receptors. It also provides links to a local cluster of databases of related information in SenseLab, and to other relevant databases worldwide. The database aims to house all of the known olfactory receptor and chemoreceptor sequences in both nucleotide and amino acid form and serves four main purposes: * It is a repository of olfactory receptor sequences. * It provides tools for sequence analysis. * It supports similarity searches (screens) which reduces duplicate work. * It provides links to other types of receptor information, e.g. 3D models. The database is accessible to two classes of users: * General public www users have full access to all the public sequences, models and resources in the database. * Source laboratories are the laboratories that clone olfactory receptors and submit sequences in the private or public database. They can search any sequence they deposited to the database against any private or public sequence in the database. This user level is suited for laboratories that are actively cloning olfactory receptors.

Proper citation: Olfactory Receptor DataBase (RRID:SCR_007830) Copy   

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http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/ibsc/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on February 07, 2013. A framework for understanding human cognition, grounded in principles specifying the character of human cognitive processes, and constrained by properties, of the underlying neural mechanisms. The Center will exploit this framework to guide formulation of explicit, testable models of normal and disordered cognition, including models of the development of cognitive functions and of their disintegration as a result of brain damage or disease. This site is intended as a public service and as a focal point for exchange of ideas among the participants in the Interdisciplinary Behavioral Science Center (IBSC). Public areas of the site provide information about the Center as a whole and about the various projects in the Center, as well as web-accessible documents and tools that we are making available as a public service. A fundamental tenet is that cognition is an emergent phenomenon, arising from the interactions of cooperating processing elements organized into specialized populations. One aim of the center will be to investigate the utility of explicit models that are formulated in terms of this approach, addressing many aspects of cognition including semantic knowledge, language processing, cognitive control, perception, learning and memory. A second aim will also investigate the principles that are embodied in the models, including principles of learning, processing and representation. Learning will be a central focus, since it plays a crucial role in cognitive development, acquisition of skills, formation of memories, and remediation of cognitive functions. A third aim of the Center will be to incorporate constraints from neuroscience. Findings from neuroscience will guide the specification of the principles and the formulation of domain-specific details of particular models, and will provide target experimental observations against which to assess the adequacy of the models. In addition, the Center will make use of neurophysiological methods in animals and functional brain imaging in humans to test predictions and generate additional data needed to constrain and inform model development. The Center will provide training funds for interdisciplinary research fellowships, to train junior scientists in the convergent use of behavioral, computational, and neuroscience methodologies. The outcome of the Centers efforts will be a fuller characterization of the nature of human cognitive processes, a clearer formulation of the underlying principles, and a more complete understanding of normal and disordered functions across many domains of cognition. This Center includes eight projects dedicated to various aspects of cognition and various general issues that arise in the effort to build explicit models that capture different aspects of cognition, and also includes an administrative core to help foster integration and provide computing resources. * Project 1: Functional and Neural Organization of Semantic Memory * Project 2: Interactive Processes in Language: Lexical Processing * Project 3: Interactive Processes in Language: Sentence Processing * Project 4: Mechanisms of Cognitive Control * Project 5: Interactive Processes in Perception: Neurophysiology of Figure-Ground Organization * Project 6: Basic Mechanisms and Cooperating Systems in Learning Memory * Project 7: Age and Experience Dependent Processes in Learning * Project 8: Theoretical Foundations * Core: Integration, Computational Resources, and Administration

Proper citation: NIMH Interdisciplinary Behavioral Science Center (RRID:SCR_008085) Copy   

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http://brainspan.org/

Atlas of developing human brain for studying transcriptional mechanisms involved in human brain development. Consists of RNA sequencing and exon microarray data profiling up to sixteen cortical and subcortical structures across full course of human brain development, high resolution neuroanatomical transcriptional profiles of about 300 distinct structures spanning entire brain for four midgestional prenatal specimens, in situ hybridization image data covering selected genes and brain regions in developing and adult human brain, reference atlas in full color with high resolution anatomic reference atlases of prenatal (two stages) and adult human brain along with supporting histology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) data.

Proper citation: Allen Human Brain Atlas: BrainSpan (Atlas of the Developing Brain) (RRID:SCR_008083) Copy   

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http://vinovia.ncl.ac.uk/emagewebapp/pages/eadhb_home.jsf

Database of a set of standard 3D virtual models at different stages of development from Carnegie Stages (CS) 12-23 (approximately 26-56 days post conception) in which various anatomical regions have been defined with a set of anatomical terms at various stages of development (known as an ontology). Experimental data is captured and converted to digital format and then mapped to the appropriate 3D model. The ontology is used to define sites of gene expression using a set of standard descriptions and to link the expression data to an ''''anatomical tree''''. Human data from stages CS12 to CS23 can be submitted to the HUDSEN Gene Expression Database. The anatomy ontology currently being used is based on the Edinburgh Human Developmental Anatomy Database which encompasses all developing structures from CS1 to CS20 but is not detailed for developing brain structures. The ontology is being extended and refined (by Prof Luis Puelles, University of Murcia, Spain) and will be incorporated into the HUDSEN database as it is developed. Expression data is annotated using two methods to denote sites of expression in the embryo: spatial annotation and text annotation. Additionally, many aspects of the detection reagent and specimen are also annotated during this process (assignment of IDs, nucleotide sequences for probes etc). There are currently two main ways to search HUDSEN - using a gene/protein name or a named anatomical structure as the query term. The entire contents of the database can be browsed using the data browser. Results may be saved. The data in HUDSEN is generated from both from researchers within the HUDSEN project, and from the wider scientific community. The HUDSEN human gene expression spatial database is a collaboration between the Institute of Human Genetics in Newcastle, UK, and the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh, UK, and was developed as part of the Electronic Atlas of the Developing Human Brain (EADHB) project (funded by the NIH Human Brain Project). The database is based on the Edinburgh Mouse Atlas gene expression database (EMAGE), and is designed to be an openly available resource to the research community holding gene expression patterns during early human development.

Proper citation: HUDSEN Human Gene Expression Spatial Database (RRID:SCR_006325) Copy   

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