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http://isaac.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/isaac/modules/genome/species.xhtml

Web based tool to enable the analysis of sets of genes, transcripts and proteins under different biological viewpoints and to interactively modify these sets at any point of the analysis. Detailed history and snapshot information allows tracing each action. One can switch back to previous states and perform new analyses. Sets can be viewed in the context of genomes, protein functions, protein interactions, pathways, regulation, diseases and drugs. Additionally, users can switch between species with an automatic, orthology based translation of existing gene sets. Sets as well as results of analyses can be exchanged between members of groups.

Proper citation: InterSpecies Analysing Application using Containers (RRID:SCR_006243) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/fcros/

A fold change ranks ordering statistics based software for detecting differentially expressed genes.

Proper citation: FCROS (RRID:SCR_006195) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://crezoo.org/

The CreZOO database is the European virtual repository of Cre and other targeted conditional driver strains. CreZOO is being developed in the context of the CREATE consortium, a core of major European and international mouse database holders and research groups involved in conditional mutagenesis. Its aim is to capture and disseminate extant and new information on Cre driver strains. CreZOO also aims to contribute data to the CREATE portal for worldwide access of related information. All transgenic strains carry detailed information on the promoter, specificity (using Adult Mouse Anatomy terms and Theiler Stages) and expressed gene(s) including IDs and direct links where available. Allele details are also presented, in addition to strain, background and availability (in the form of live mice, cryopreserved embryos or sperm etc) information (including EMMA, MGI, MMRRC etc hyperlinks where available). Handling and genotyping details (in the form of documents or hyperlinks) together with all relevant publications are clearly presented with PMID(s) and direct PubMed links.

Proper citation: CreZOO (RRID:SCR_006132) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.creline.org/

The CREATE consortium represents a core of major European and international mouse database holders and research groups involved in conditional mutagenesis, primarily to develop a strategy for the integration and dissemination of Cre driver strains for modelling aspects of complex human diseases in the mouse. Collectively the participants have amassed a significant number of these strains in their respective databases. Therefore one of the goals of CREATE is to provide a unified portal for worldwide access to these critical resources. The portal can either be searched through an advanced BioMart interface, by driver name, or by anatomical site of expression using Embryonic Mouse Anatomy Project (EMAP) and Mouse Anatomy (MA) ontology terms. Search results link back to the original source of the data for more detailed information and to IMSR to order mice if available. The ontology browser is particularly useful as it enables the CREATE consortium to identify cell and tissues that are not currently covered by existing lines. CREATE also aims to coordinate the production of suitable lines by the Cre generation projects described above. Through the CREATE portal, the CREATE consortium aims to develop a strategy for the production, integration and dissemination of new Cre driver strains for modelling aspects of complex human diseases in the mouse. CREATE is also developing a roadmap for harnessing emerging technologies and methods for improving Cre-mediated recombination in vivo through targeted, intensive workshops and discussion forums on the portal. This will entail review of construct design options for classical transgenic constructs (promoter/enhancer used, small size <2025 Kb) vs large transgenic constructs (BAC, P1, YAC etc.); methods used for Cre transgenic lines including random vs targeted integration, position independent expression loci, or replacement of endogenous coding sequences with Cre recombinase under the control of the endogenous locus. CREATE provides a platform for discussion of additional issues specific to inducible Cre strategies including background activity before induction, inducibility (kinetics), efficiency, and protocols used for induction of Cre recombinase activity. Additional components of the technology roadmap will be the cataloguing of other existing methodologies (rtTA, FLP, Dre) of mouse genome modification, sharing information on validated Cre mutant lines as well as identification and assessment of new methods of mutagenesis such as RNAi and other emerging technologies. Other discussion topics addressed through surveys on the CREATE portal include the characterization of Cre lines (specificity of expression/deletion; efficiency of expression/ deletion; reproducibility of deletion from animal to animal for the same floxed allele; reproducibility with different floxed alleles; timing of expression/deletion, etc.), the extent to which Cre expression changes upon backcrossing to specific genetic backgrounds through variegation and silencing; potential phenotypes caused by either integration- mediated mutagenesis or Cre ''toxicity''; and other factors affecting the specificity of Cre-mediated expression/deletion. CREATE regularly integrates common fields from the Cre-X, CreZOO and the MGI recombinase portal resources described below. The data in common consists of: * Transgene or Knock-in name. * MGI ID of allele. * Driver. * Anatomical site of expression. * Pubmed ID. * IMSR strain name and link. * Inducibility (YES/NO).

Proper citation: CREATE (RRID:SCR_006133) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://phenomebrowser.net/

PhenomeNet is a cross-species phenotype similarity network. It contains the experimentally observed phenotypes of multiple species as well as the phenotypes of human diseases. PhenomeNet provides a measure of phenotypic similarity between the phenotypes it contains. The latest release (from 22 June 2012) contains 124,730 complex phenotype nodes taken from the yeast, fish, worm, fly, rat, slime mold and mouse model organism databases as well as human disease phenotypes from OMIM and OrphaNet. The network is a complete graph in which edge weights represent the degree of phenotypic similarity. Phenotypic similarity can be used to identify and prioritize candidate disease genes, find genes participating in the same pathway and orthologous genes between species. To compute phenotypic similarity between two sets of phenotypes, we use a weighted Jaccard index. First, phenotype ontologies are used to infer all the implications of a phenotype observation using several phenotype ontologies. As a second step, the information content of each phenotype is computed and used as a weight in the Jaccard index. Phenotypic similarity is useful in several ways. Phenotypic similarity between a phenotype resulting from a genetic mutation and a disease can be used to suggest candidate genes for a disease. Phenotypic similarity can also identify genes in a same pathway or orthologous genes. PhenomeNet uses the axioms in multiple species-dependent phenotype ontologies to infer equivalent and related phenotypes across species. For this purpose, phenotype ontologies and phenotype annotations are integrated in a single ontology, and automated reasoning is used to infer equivalences. Specifically, for every phenotype, PhenomeNet infers the related mammalian phenotype and uses the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology for computing phenotypic similarity. Tools: * PhenomeBLAST - A tool for cross-species alignments of phenotypes * PhenomeDrug - method for drug-repurposing

Proper citation: phenomeNET (RRID:SCR_006165) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://compbio.charite.de/phenexplorer/

The PhenExplorer allows you to browse the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) in different ways, using the tabs ''''by features'''', ''''by disease'''', ''''by ontology'''' or ''''by genes''''. Clicking on a particular phenotypic feature (HPO-term) you can get a list of disease entries that are linked to it (i.e. diseases that are annotated with this HPO-term). You can also visualize this term in the context of the ontological structure. Finally, a lists of genes can be displayed, that are known to cause (when mutated) the linked diseases mentioned above. For each disease you can get the list of linked HPO-terms and genes. You can also search for specific genes and explore to which HPO-terms and diseases they are linked.

Proper citation: Phenexplorer (RRID:SCR_006156) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.disgenet.org/ds/DisGeNET/files/GeneDiseaseAssociation.owl

Ontology that describes the different types of associations between a gene and a disease. It was developed to integrate information from different databases that contain gene-disease associations such as UniProt, CTD, Orphanet, the GWAS Catalog, GAD, MGD, RGD, and LHGDN.

Proper citation: Gene-Disease Association Type Ontology (RRID:SCR_006159) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://mga.bionet.nsc.ru/soft/maia-1.0/

Software package of programs for complex segregation analysis in animal pedigrees.

Proper citation: MAIA (RRID:SCR_007153) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.biomanta.org/

This project encompasses development of novel biological network analysis methods and infrastructure for querying biological data in a semantically-enabled format, and aims to create a semantic interactome model. Research within the BioMANTA project will focus on computational modelling and analysis, primarily using Semantic Web technologies and Machine Learning methods, of large-scale protein-protein interaction and compound activity networks across a wide variety of species. A range of information such as kinetic activity, tissue expression, and subcellular localization and disease state attributes will be included in the resulting data model. Protein interactions are a fundamental component of biological processes. Many proteins are functional only in multimeric complexes, or require interaction partners to achieve their correct localisation or function. For this reason, the study of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks has become an area of growing interest in computational biology. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies such as Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), interaction data is modelled to create a knowledge representation in which meaning is vested in the ontology rather than instances of data. Stochastic and computational intelligence methods are applied to this data to infer high coverage networks. Semantic inferencing is used to infer previously unknown and meaningful pathways. Major project components: - The BioMANTA Ontology:- An OWL DL ontology incorporating the PSI-MI Ontology, the NCBI Taxonomy, and elements of BioPax ontology and Gene Ontology (describing subcellular localisation). This allows us to re-use existing ontologies, thereby reducing overheads associated with knowledge acquisition in the ontology development process. We are able to integrate existing public data that contain annotation in these formats. - Data conversion & semantic protein integration:- A set of software components that convert protein-protein databases (DIP, MPact, IntAct, etc.) from PSI-MI XML to RDF compliant with the BioMANTA ontology. These software allow us to make these protein-protein interaction datasets (and more generally, any PSI-MI XML data) semantically available for querying and inference within BioMANTA. - A RDF triple store based on RDF Molecules and the MapReduce architecture:- A proof-of-concept RDF triple store using RDF molecules and Hadoop scale-out architectures. Regular RDF graphs are deconstructed into RDF molecules, which are distributed over distributed compute nodes in the MapReduce architecture, and are subsequently combined to form equivalent RDF graphs. Such an approach makes the distributed SPARQL querying and reasoning on RDF triple stores possible. - A quantitative framework to integrate networks extracted from independent data sources (gene expression, subcellular localization, and ortholog mapping):- The model is multi-layer, with a first layer based on Decision Trees where each Decision tree is built on each dataset independently. The tree nodes are cut using Shannon''s entropy (mutual information); the decision of these independent trees is integrated using logistic regression, and the parameters are optimised using maximum likelihood. Sponsors: This resource is supported by the Pfizer Global Research and Development, the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and the University of Queensland, Australia.

Proper citation: BioMANTA (RRID:SCR_007177) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://sites.huji.ac.il/malaria/

Data set of metabolic pathways for the malaria parasite based on the present knowledge of parasite biochemistry and on pathways known to occur in other unicellular eukaryotes. This site extracted the pertinent information from the universal sites and presented them in an educative and informative format. The site also includes, cell-cell interactions (cytoadherence and rosetting), invasion of the erythrocyte by the parasite and transport functions. It also contains an artistic impression of the ultrastructural morphology of the interaerythrocytic cycle stages and some details about the morphology of mitochondria and the apicoplast. Most pathways are relevant to the erythrocytic phase of the parasite cycle. All maps were checked for the presence of enzyme-coding genes as they are officially annotated in the Plasmodium genome (http://plasmodb.org/). The site is constructed in a hierarchical pattern that permits logical deepening: * Grouped pathways of major chemical components or biological process ** Specific pathways or specific process *** Chemical structures of substrates and products or process **** Names of enzymes and their genes or components of process Each map is linked to other maps thus enabling to verify the origin of a substrate or the fate of a product. Clicking on the EC number that appears next to each enzyme, connects the site to BRENDA, SWISSPROT ExPASy ENZYME, PlasmoDB and to IUBMB reaction scheme. Clicking of the name of a metabolite, connects the site to KEGG thus providing its chemical structure and formula. Next to each enzyme there is a pie that depicts the stage-dependent transcription of the enzyme''s coding gene. The pie is constructed as a clock of the 48 hours of the parasite cycle, where red signifies over-transcription and green, under-transcription. Clicking on the pie links to the DeRisi/UCSF transcriptome database.

Proper citation: Malaria Parasite Metabolic Pathways (RRID:SCR_007072) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.vbase2.org/

Integrative database of germ-line V genes from the immunoglobulin loci of human and mouse. It presents V gene sequences extracted from the EMBL nucleotide sequence database and Ensembl together with links to the respective source sequences. Based on the properties of the source sequences, V genes are classified into 3 different classes: * Class 1: genomic and rearranged evidence * Class 2: genomic evidence only * Class 3: rearranged evidence only This allows careful sequence quality validation by the user. References to other immunological databases ( KABAT, IMGT/LIGM and VBASE ) are given to provide all public annotation data for each V gene. The VBASE2 database can be accessed either by the Direct Query interface or by the DNAPLOT Query interface. The Sequences given by the user are aligned with DNAPLOT against the VBASE2 database. Direct Query allows to enter sequence IDs and names (Field 1), choose species, locus, V gene family and class (Field 2) or search for 100% sequences (Field 3). At the DNAPLOT Query, the sequences given by the user are aligned with DNAPLOT against the VBASE2 database. The DNAPLOT program offers V gene nucleotide sequence alignment referring to the IMGT V gene unique numbering. The Quick Search can be used either for Direct Query to search for sequence IDs and V gene names or for DNAPLOT Query for up to 5 sequences. The new Fab Analysis allows you to align Fab, scFab, scAb or scFv sequences with DNAPLOT against the VBASE2 database, where both heavy and light chain are analyzed.

Proper citation: VBASE2 (RRID:SCR_007082) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.komp.org/

Repository of mouse vectors, ES cells, mice, embryos, and sperm generated by NIH KOMP Mutagenesis Project. In addition, KOMP Repository offers services in support of KOMP products, including ES cell microinjection, vector cloning, post-insertional modification of cloned ES cells, cryopreservation, assisted reproduction techniques (IVF, ICSI) and mouse breeding, pathology services, phenotyping services, etc. KOMP Repository is final component of more than $50 million trans-NIH initiative to increase availability of genetically altered mice and related materials. The University of California, Davis (UC Davis) and Children''s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) in Oakland, Calif., are collaborating to preserve, protect, and make available about 8,500 types of knockout mice and related products available to research community. Products are generated by two KOMP mutagenesis teams (CSD consortium and Regeneron Inc). All KOMP products generated by CSD consortium and Regeneron are available through KOMP Repository. Notice as of December 19, 2019: Materials from KOMP Repository have been deposited into MMRRC, including all mouse models and mouse embryonic stem cell lines. Eventually www.komp.org will be sunsetting, and IMSR will remove KOMP Repository listings, since they were double listed in MMRRC. MMRRC will contain the most accurate and up to date resource models.

Proper citation: Knockout Mouse Project Repository (RRID:SCR_007318) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.broad.mit.edu/node/305

The Connectivity Map aims to generate a detailed map that links gene patterns associated with disease to corresponding patterns produced by drug candidates and a variety of genetic manipulations. The Connectivity Map is the most comprehensive effort yet for using genomics in a drug-discovery framework. It allows researchers to screen compounds against genome-wide disease signatures, rather than a pre-selected set of target genes. Drugs are paired with diseases using sophisticated pattern-matching methods with a high level of resolution and specificity. To build a Connectivity Map, the Broad Institute brings together molecular biologists, genomics specialists, computational scientists, pharmacologists, chemists and chemical biologists, as well as expertise from across the breadth and depth of medicine.Connectivity map is a large public database of signatures of drugs and genes, and pattern-matching tools to detect similarities among these signatures.The parent site for the Broad Institute at MIT has a software library of software applications developed for use in genetic analysis.

Proper citation: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Human Genetics Initiative (RRID:SCR_007436) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.geisha.arizona.edu/geisha/

Online repository for chicken in situ hybridization information. This site presents whole mount in situ hybridization images and corresponding probe and genomic information for genes expressed in chicken embryos in Hamburger Hamilton stages 1-25 (0.5-5 days). The GEISHA project began in 1998 to investigate using high throughput whole mount in situ hybridization to identify novel, differentially expressed genes in chicken embryos. An initial expression screen of approximately 900 genes demonstrated feasibility of the approach, and also highlighted the need for a centralized repository of in situ hybridization expression data. Objectives: The goals of the GEISHA project are to obtain whole mount in situ hybridization expression information for all differentially expressed genes in the chicken embryo between HH stages 1-25, to integrate expression data with the chicken genome browsers, and to offer this information through a user-friendly graphical user interface. In situ hybridization images are obtained from three sources: 1. In house high throughput in situ hybridization screening: cDNAs obtained from several embryonic cDNA libraries or from EST repositories are screened for expression using high throughput in situ hybridization approaches. 2. Literature curation: Agreements with journals permit posting of published in situ hybridization images and related information on the GEISHA site. 3. Unpublished in situ hybridization information from other laboratories: laboratories generally publish only a small fraction of their in situ hybridization data. High quality images for which probe identity can be verified are welcome additions to GEISHA.

Proper citation: GEISHA - Gallus Expression in Situ Hybridization Analysis: A Chicken Embryo Gene Expression Database (RRID:SCR_007440) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://senselab.med.yale.edu/ordb/

Database of vertebrate olfactory receptors genes and proteins. It supports sequencing and analysis of these receptors by providing a comprehensive archive with search tools for this expanding family. The database also incorporates a broad range of chemosensory genes and proteins, including the taste papilla receptors (TPRs), vomeronasal organ receptors (VNRs), insect olfaction receptors (IORs), Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory receptors (CeCRs), and fungal pheromone receptors (FPRs). ORDB currently houses chemosensory receptors for more than 50 organisms. ORDB contains public and private sections which provide tools for investigators to analyze the functions of these very large gene families of G protein-coupled receptors. It also provides links to a local cluster of databases of related information in SenseLab, and to other relevant databases worldwide. The database aims to house all of the known olfactory receptor and chemoreceptor sequences in both nucleotide and amino acid form and serves four main purposes: * It is a repository of olfactory receptor sequences. * It provides tools for sequence analysis. * It supports similarity searches (screens) which reduces duplicate work. * It provides links to other types of receptor information, e.g. 3D models. The database is accessible to two classes of users: * General public www users have full access to all the public sequences, models and resources in the database. * Source laboratories are the laboratories that clone olfactory receptors and submit sequences in the private or public database. They can search any sequence they deposited to the database against any private or public sequence in the database. This user level is suited for laboratories that are actively cloning olfactory receptors.

Proper citation: Olfactory Receptor DataBase (RRID:SCR_007830) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://genomics.senescence.info/

Collection of databases and tools designed to help researchers study the genetics of human ageing using modern approaches such as functional genomics, network analyses, systems biology and evolutionary analyses. A major resource in HAGR is GenAge, which includes a curated database of genes related to human aging and a database of ageing- and longevity-associated genes in model organisms. Another major database in HAGR is AnAge. Featuring over 4,000 species, AnAge provides a compilation of data on aging, longevity, and life history that is ideal for the comparative biology of aging. GenDR is a database of genes associated with dietary restriction based on genetic manipulation experiments and gene expression profiling. Other projects include evolutionary studies, genome sequencing, cancer genomics, and gene expression analyses. The latter allowed them to identify a set of genes commonly altered during mammalian aging which represents a conserved molecular signature of aging. Software, namely in the form of scripts for Perl and SPSS, is made available for users to perform a variety of bioinformatic analyses potentially relevant for studying aging. The Perl toolkit, entitled the Ageing Research Computational Tools (ARCT), provides modules for parsing files, data-mining, searching and downloading data from the Internet, etc. Also available is an SPSS script that can be used to determine the demographic rate of aging for a given population. An extensive list of links regarding computational biology, genomics, gerontology, and comparative biology is also available.

Proper citation: Human Ageing Genomic Resources (RRID:SCR_007700) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://flybrain.neurobio.arizona.edu/

An interactive database of the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system. It is used by the drosophila neuroscience community and by other researchers studying arthropod brain structure. Flybrain contains neuroanatomical peer reviewed descriptions of the central and peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. It also contains an introductory hypertext tour guide to the basic structure of the nervous system, as well as more specific information concerning different anatomical structures, developmental stages, and visualization techniques for the Drosophila nervous system. Additionally, The site contains schematic representations, a 3D project, immunocytology stains, a library of golgi impregnations, and enhancer-trap images.

Proper citation: MIRROR: FlyBrain, An Online Atlas and Database of the Drosophila Nervous System (RRID:SCR_007661) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.bio.dist.unige.it/

The Bio-Lab is a Bioengineering and Bioimages laboratory and it''s part of DIST (Department of Computer Science, Control Systems and Telecommunications- University of Genoa). The main research activities of the Bioengineering Laboratory are related with the acquisition, processing and rendering of bioimages with the aim of exploring the links between structure and functionality of biological systems (images of cells in optical confocal microscopy) and for diagnostic and therapeutical processes (images of the human body in Magnetic Resonance, Computerized X-ray Tomography, ultrasounds and other modalities). The main research activities of the laboratory are related to: - Bioimages: medical/biological image analysis and visualization methods are investigated, with a deep attention to the applications development for the driven therapy. - Bioinformatics: in this field, advanced technologies and knowledge related to production and treatment of gene expression microarray distributed data have been implemented. - Tissue Engineering: this research activity is addressed to the development and testing of biomaterials, coupled with adult stem cells for the in vivo bone formation. - Neuroinformatics: the interaction between results of functional neuroimaging and brain computational models has been studied. Among the equipment of the Bioengineering Laboratory there are of particular interest: 2D-3D cell culture bioreactor systems and a virtual reality platform for the interaction person-bioimages, medical data and 3D models. The Bio-Lab also manages a GRID node belonging to the international GILDA network, which is built by 6 server, for a total amount of 12 CPU, 7 GB RAM and 500 GB Disk Space. Additionally, the confocal laser is a very essential tool in this lab; it is a scanning optical microscope with a hardware/software framework virtual reality-like for the interaction person-bioimages, with stereovision, and equipment for head tracking and pointing. The Bio-Lab collaborates with several research institutes and centers, such as the National Institute of Nuclear Physics, the National Research Council, and the Advanced Biotechnology Center (visit Research area or Project area in the web site). Promising collaborations are also on going with different technological companies in the national scenario. The laboratory has also been involved in several international and national projects funded by the European Commission and MUR. Specifically, it is involved in several projects funded by the European Commission projects related to the area of Health Care Telematics, with special reference to emergency telemedicine.

Proper citation: biolab - Bioengineering and Bioimages Laboratory (RRID:SCR_008029) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/

An animated primer on the basics of DNA, genes, and heredity organized around three key concepts: Classical Genetics, Molecules of Genetics, and Genetic Organization and Control. The science behind each concept is explained by: animation, image gallery, video interviews, problem, biographies, and links.

Proper citation: DNA From The Beginning: AN Animated Primer on the Basics of DNA, Genes, and Heredity (RRID:SCR_008028) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.dnaform.jp/products/cage_e.html

Expression profiling and promoter identification software tool for transcriptional network analysis and transcriptome characterization. DeepCAGE, the combination of next-generation sequencing with next generation expression profiling provides unsurpassed solutions for expression profiling and genome annotation. CAGE will be the experimental approach at need to link gene expression and control regions in the genome. With the availability of next-generation sequencing methods, DNAFORM now offers DeepCAGE services. DeepCAGE libraries are prepared for direct analysis by an Illumina/Solexa Sequencer. One sequencing run using one channel on an Illumina/Solexa Sequencer can yield in over 4,000,000 reads per sample. CAGE is based on our full-length cDNA library technology, where an adaptor is ligated to the 5''''-end of full-length cDNAs, which introduces a recognition site for a Class IIs restriction endonuclease adjacent to the 5''''-end of the cDNA. The Class IIs restriction endonuclease, here MmeI, allows for the cloning of short tags as derived from the 5''''-end of transcripts into concatemers for high-throughput sequencing. CAGE tags are further characterized by mapping to genomic sequences, which enables the identification of transcriptional start sites. As such CAGE can contribute to projects in Gene Discovery, Gene Expression, and Promoter Identification. After the genome sequencing projects have provided us with the genetic blueprints for many organisms, new questions have to be answered on how to correlate the observed genotypes with related phenotypes, and how to understand the regulation of genetic information in time and space. The dynamics of living systems and the functional behavior of cells in multicellular organisms has thus become the subject of the emerging field of system biology. Integration of experimental approaches and computer aided theories on a system level will be the fundamental principle to drive systems biology in order to understand the principles behind complex regulatory networks, which will be an ambitious goal requiring new approaches in life sciences. For ordering and additional information, please contact us under contact_at_dnaform.jp

Proper citation: CAGE (RRID:SCR_007574) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry