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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology

Human Physiology is a featured book on Wikibooks because it contains substantial content, it is well-formatted, and the Wikibooks community has decided to feature it on the main page or in other places. Please continue to improve it and thanks for the great work so far! A printable and PDF version are available. You can edit its advertisement template. Contents: 1. Homeostasis 2. Cell Physiology 3. Integumentary System 4. The Nervous System 5. Senses 6. The Muscular System 7. Blood Physiology 8. The Cardiovascular System 9. The Immune System 10. The Urinary System 11. The Respiratory System 12. The Gastrointestinal System 13. Nutrition 14. The Endocrine System 15. The Male Reproductive System 16. The Female Reproductive System 17. Pregnancy and Birth 18. Genetics and Inheritance 19. Development: Birth through Death 20. Appendix 1: Answers to Review Questions 21. Authors 22. Further Reading

Proper citation: Human Physiology (RRID:SCR_003525) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://national_databank.mclean.org

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented September 6, 2016. A publicly accessible data repository to provide neuroscience investigators with secure access to cohort collections. The Databank collects and disseminates gene expression data from microarray experiments on brain tissue samples, along with diagnostic results from postmortem studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. All of the data that is derived from studies of the HBTRC collection is being incorporated into the National Brain Databank. This data is available to the general public, although strict precautions are undertaken to maintain the confidentiality of the brain donors and their family members. The system is designed to incorporate MIAME and MAGE-ML based microarray data sharing standards. Data from various types of studies conducted on brain tissue in the HBTRC collection will be available from studies using different technologies, such as gene expression profiling, quantitative RT-PCR, situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry and will have the potential for providing powerful insights into the subregional and cellular distribution of genes and/or proteins in different brain regions and eventually in specific subregions and cellular subtypes.

Proper citation: National Brain Databank (RRID:SCR_003606) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/educational-resources/index.shtml

A portal to educational resources.

Proper citation: NIMH Educational Resources (RRID:SCR_004045) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://brainarchitecture.org/

Evolving portal that will provide interactive tools and resources to allow researchers, clinicians, and students to discover, analyze, and visualize what is known about the brain's organization, and what the evidence is for that knowledge. This project has a current experimental focus: creating the first brainwide mesoscopic connectivity diagram in the mouse. Related efforts for the human brain currently focus on literature mining and an Online Brain Atlas Reconciliation Tool. The primary goal of the Brain Architecture Project is to assemble available knowledge about the structure of the nervous system, with an ultimate emphasis on the human CNS. Such information is currently scattered in research articles, textbooks, electronic databases and datasets, and even as samples on laboratory shelves. Pooling the knowledge across these heterogeneous materials - even simply getting to know what we know - is a complex challenge that requires an interdisciplinary approach and the contributions and support of the greater community. Their approach can be divided into 4 major thrusts: * Literature Curation and Text Mining * Computational Analysis * Resource Development * Experimental Efforts

Proper citation: Brain Architecture Project (RRID:SCR_004283) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.braintumour.ca/

Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada is a dedicated team of volunteers, patients, survivors, family members, health care professionals and staff, determined to make the journey with a brain tumor one full of hope and support. We work collaboratively to serve the needs of those Canadians affected by all types of brain tumors. Information, education and support is available and research continues into the cause of and a cure for brain tumors. Every year, thousands of Canadians affected by brain tumors find emotional support and comfort while gaining a better understanding and knowledge of their disease through a range of programs and services available across the country. This includes: up-to-date brain tumor information material, numerous education events and support groups. Important brain tumor research is also supported through annual grants, a fellowship and the brain tumour tissue bank. We welcome donations, large or small. Charitable Registration #BN118816339RR0001

Proper citation: Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada (RRID:SCR_004158) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://neuroandpsych.slu.edu/

The Department of Neurology & Psychiatry aims to 1) provide the best psychiatric and neurological care to patients and their families, 2) discover and investigate new treatments for psychiatric and nervous system disorders, 3) study psychosocial processes in psychiatric and neurological illness, and 4) educate the next generation of practitioners, as well as our patients and the lay community. The Department of Neurology & Psychiatry (DNP) was established on June 1, 2007. The Department has 34 faculty members and is planning continued expansion. There are 7 psychiatrists, 18 neurologists, 4 child neurologists, and 5 NIH-supported PhD investigators. The DNP is one of five departments in the country that combines the disciplines of neurology and psychiatry. We are unique in having two strong residency programs and are the only that attempts to establish a new paradigm in care of patients with neurological and psychiatric disease through co-management initiatives. * Division of Psychiatry: The Psychiatrists work within four areas: Adult, Geriatric, Community, and Forensic Psychiatry. * Division of Neurology: The division has an extremely active stroke/intensive care and general neurology service. We are expanding services in neurocritical care and interventional neurology. * Education: The DNP has approximately 25 residents/fellows in each discipline. * Research: The DNP has robust programs in clinical, basic, and translational research. We emphasize 3 areas in this overview of the DNP. ** Clinical Research Unit ** Psychosocial Processes Group ** Translational Neuromuscular Disease VISION STATEMENT All members of the Saint Louis University Department of Neurology & Psychiatry will collaborate to support state-of-the-art neurological and psychiatric education, compassionate patient care, and a growing research enterprise. The Department will develop the most exciting intellectual environment in the Nation for investigation, treatment, and training in psychiatry and neurology. We will fulfill this Vision in an environment of mutual respect and collaboration.

Proper citation: St. Louis University Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (RRID:SCR_004297) Copy   

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http://www.abc.net.au/rn/allinthemind/default.htm

Radio National''s weekly foray into all things mental a program (podcast) about the mind, brain and behavior, hosted by Lynne Malcolm (previously by Natasha Mitchell). From dreaming to depression, addiction to artificial intelligence, consciousness to coma, psychoanalysis to psychopathy, free will to forgetting ��All in the Mind��explores the human condition through the mind''s eye. All in the Mind brings together unexpected voices, themes and ideas and engages with both leading thinkers and personal stories. Psychology and human behavior are only part of the equation. The program''s scope is considerably broader and explores themes in science, religion, health, philosophy, education, history and pop culture, with the mind as the key focus.

Proper citation: All In The Mind (RRID:SCR_004240) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://openconnectomeproject.org/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 9, 2023. Connectomes repository to facilitate the analysis of connectome data by providing a unified front for connectomics research. With a focus on Electron Microscopy (EM) data and various forms of Magnetic Resonance (MR) data, the project aims to make state-of-the-art neuroscience open to anybody with computer access, regardless of knowledge, training, background, etc. Open science means open to view, play, analyze, contribute, anything. Access to high resolution neuroanatomical images that can be used to explore connectomes and programmatic access to this data for human and machine annotation are provided, with a long-term goal of reconstructing the neural circuits comprising an entire brain. This project aims to bring the most state-of-the-art scientific data in the world to the hands of anybody with internet access, so collectively, we can begin to unravel connectomes. Services: * Data Hosting - Their Bruster (brain-cluster) is large enough to store nearly any modern connectome data set. Contact them to make your data available to others for any purpose, including gaining access to state-of-the-art analysis and machine vision pipelines. * Web Viewing - Collaborative Annotation Toolkit for Massive Amounts of Image Data (CATMAID) is designed to navigate, share and collaboratively annotate massive image data sets of biological specimens. The interface is inspired by Google Maps, enhanced to allow the exploration of 3D image data. View the fork of the code or go directly to view the data. * Volume Cutout Service - RESTful API that enables you to select any arbitrary volume of the 3d database (3ddb), and receive a link to download an HDF5 file (for matlab, C, C++, or C#) or a NumPy pickle (for python). Use some other programming language? Just let them know. * Annotation Database - Spatially co-registered volumetric annotations are compactly stored for efficient queries such as: find all synapses, or which neurons synapse onto this one. Create your own annotations or browse others. *Sample Downloads - In addition to being able to select arbitrary downloads from the datasets, they have also collected a few choice volumes of interest. * Volume Viewer - A web and GPU enabled stand-alone app for viewing volumes at arbitrary cutting planes and zoom levels. The code and program can be downloaded. * Machine Vision Pipeline - They are building a machine vision pipeline that pulls volumes from the 3ddb and outputs neural circuits. - a work in progress. As soon as we have a stable version, it will be released. * Mr. Cap - The Magnetic Resonance Connectome Automated Pipeline (Mr. Cap) is built on JIST/MIPAV for high-throughput estimation of connectomes from diffusion and structural imaging data. * Graph Invariant Computation - Upload your graphs or streamlines, and download some invariants. * iPad App - WholeSlide is an iPad app that accesses utilizes our open data and API to serve images on the go.

Proper citation: Open Connectome Project (RRID:SCR_004232) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://kingdevicktest.com/

An accurate and reliable method for identifying athletes with head trauma, and a strong candidate rapid sideline screening test for concussion. The test is able to capture impairments of eye movement, attention, language and other symptoms of impaired brain function. It is a physical method of evaluating visual tracking and saccadic eye movements is based on the time to perform rapid number naming. It involves reading aloud a series of single digit numbers from left to right on three test cards. Participants are asked to read the numbers on each card from left to right as quickly as possible but without making any errors. The sum of the three test card time scores constitutes the summary score for the entire test. The test is a proven indicator of oculomotor inefficiencies regarding eye movements during reading. Published medical studies have determined that deficiencies in saccadic eye movements can be an indicator of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) or concussions. Studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between poor oculomotor functions and learning disabilities (including dyslexia detection). Saccadic eye movement deficiencies can be improved with training and correspondingly reading performance also can be improved. Simply put, subjects who don''t perform well on this test are not efficient readers, although because there are many reasons for poor reading unrelated to eye movements, some poor readers do fine on the test. They believe that the test should be in the hands of teachers in order to help them determine if a student''s poor reading performance is related to deficiencies in their ability to move their eyes efficiently.

Proper citation: King-Devick Test (RRID:SCR_004500) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://ww2.sanbi.ac.za/Dbases.html

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 23, 2016. The STACKdb is knowledgebase generated by processing EST and mRNA sequences obtained from GenBank through a pipeline consisting of masking, clustering, alignment and variation analysis steps. The STACK project aims to generate a comprehensive representation of the sequence of each of the expressed genes in the human genome by extensive processing of gene fragments to make accurate alignments, highlight diversity and provide a carefully joined set of consensus sequences for each gene. The STACK project is comprised of the STACKdb human gene index, a database of virtual human transcripts, as well as stackPACK, the tools used to create the database. STACKdb is organized into 15 tissue-based categories and one disease category. STACK is a tool for detection and visualization of expressed transcript variation in the context of developmental and pathological states. The data system organizes and reconstructs human transcripts from available public data in the context of expression state. The expression state of a transcript can include developmental state, pathological association, site of expression and isoform of expressed transcript. STACK consensus transcripts are reconstructed from clusters that capture and reflect the growing evidence of transcript diversity. The comprehensive capture of transcript variants is achieved by the use of a novel clustering approach that is tolerant of sub-sequence diversity and does not rely on pairwise alignment. This is in contrast with other gene indexing projects. STACK is generated at least four times a year and represents the exhaustive processing of all publicly available human EST data extracted from GenBank. This processed information can be explored through 15 tissue-specific categories, a disease-related category and a whole-body index

Proper citation: Sequence Tag Alignment and Consensus Knowledgebase Database (RRID:SCR_002156) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.ibiblio.org/dnam/mainpage.html

This site provides access to mutation databases and software including the human hprt database, Human p53 database, Transgenic lacZ database, and Transgenic lacI database. Other avaialble programs include Mutational spectra comparison and relational database data entry. The most recent hprt database contains information on over 2,300 mutations found in vivo and in vitro in the human hprt gene and runs under Windows. The version for evaluation on this homepage has fewer mutations and is a DOS program. The database contains information on the mutagen, dose, spontaneous and induced mutant fraction, base position, amino acid position, amino acid change, local DNA sequence, cell type, citation, and other items. In addition, information regarding the cause and effect of mutations affecting splicing is given. Routines have been developed for the analysis of single base substitutions. The p53 database contains information on nearly 5,867 mutations found in the human p53 gene. The database itself has been updated in April of 1997. The database contains information on the cancer type, loss of heterozygosity, base position, amino acid position, amino acid change, local DNA sequence,citation, and other items. Routines have been developed for the analysis of single base substitutions. The Transgenic lacZ database contains information on 405 mutations found in vivo in the transgenic lacZ gene. It has last been updated in January of 1998. It provides information on the mutagen, dose, organ, mutant fraction, base position, amino acid position, amino acid change, local DNA sequence, citation, and other items. The Transgenic lacI database contains information on over 1700 mutations found in vivo in the transgenic lacI gene and on nearly 8000 mutations in the lacI gene in native E. coli. The database was updated in January 1998. The database contains information on the mutagen, dose, organ, mutant fraction, base position, amino acid position, amino acid change, local DNA sequence, citation, and other items. Routines have been developed for the analysis of single base substitutions for each of the databases. The software runs only on IBM-compatible PCs.

Proper citation: Neal's DNA Mutation Site (RRID:SCR_002947) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.patika.org/

The human pathway database which contains different biological entities and reactions and software tools for analysis. PATIKA Database integrates data from several sources, including Entrez Gene, UniProt, PubChem, GO, IntAct, HPRD, and Reactome. Users can query and access this data using the PATIKAweb query interface. Users can also save their results in XML or export to common picture formats. The BioPAX and SBML exporters can be used as part of this Web service.

Proper citation: Pathway Analysis Tool for Integration and Knowledge Acquisition (RRID:SCR_002100) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/thompson.html

The UCLA laboratory of neuroimaging is working in several areas to enhance knowledge of anatomy, including brain mapping in large human populations, HIV, Schizophrenia, methamphetamine, tumor growth and 4d brain mapping, genetics and detection of abnormalities.

Proper citation: University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine: Neuro Imaging Lab of Thompson (RRID:SCR_001924) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://humanconnectome.org/connectome/connectomeDB.html

Data management platform that houses all data generated by the Human Connectome Project - image data, clinical evaluations, behavioral data and more. ConnectomeDB stores raw image data, as well as results of analysis and processing pipelines. Using the ConnectomeDB infrastructure, research centers will be also able to manage Connectome-like projects, including data upload and entry, quality control, processing pipelines, and data distribution. ConnectomeDB is designed to be a data-mining tool, that allows users to generate and test hypotheses based on groups of subjects. Using the ConnectomeDB interface, users can easily search, browse and filter large amounts of subject data, and download necessary files for many kinds of analysis. ConnectomeDB is designed to work seamlessly with Connectome Workbench, an interactive, multidimensional visualization platform designed specifically for handling connectivity data. De-identified data within ConnectomeDB is publicly accessible. Access to additional data may be available to qualified research investigators. ConnectomeDB is being hosted on a BlueArc storage platform housed at Washington University through the year 2020. This data platform is based on XNAT, an open-source image informatics software toolkit developed by the NRG at Washington University. ConnectomeDB itself is fully open source.

Proper citation: ConnectomeDB (RRID:SCR_004830) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://igs-server.cnrs-mrs.fr/mgdb/Rickettsia/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 18, 2016. Rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria living in arthropods. They occasionally cause diseases in humans. To understand their pathogenicity, physiologies and evolutionary mechanisms, RicBase is sequencing different species of Rickettsia. Up to now we have determined the genome sequences of R. conorii, R. felis, R. bellii, R. africae, and R. massiliae. The RicBase aims to organize the genomic data to assist followup studies of Rickettsia. This website contains information on R. conorii and R. prowazekii. A R. conorii and R. prowazekii comparative genome map is also available. Images of genome maps, dendrogram, and sequence alignment allow users to gain a visualization of the diagrams.

Proper citation: Rickettsia Genome Database (RRID:SCR_007102) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://bond.unleashedinformatics.com/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented May 10, 2017. A pilot effort that has developed a centralized, web-based biospecimen locator that presents biospecimens collected and stored at participating Arizona hospitals and biospecimen banks, which are available for acquisition and use by researchers. Researchers may use this site to browse, search and request biospecimens to use in qualified studies. The development of the ABL was guided by the Arizona Biospecimen Consortium (ABC), a consortium of hospitals and medical centers in the Phoenix area, and is now being piloted by this Consortium under the direction of ABRC. You may browse by type (cells, fluid, molecular, tissue) or disease. Common data elements decided by the ABC Standards Committee, based on data elements on the National Cancer Institute''s (NCI''s) Common Biorepository Model (CBM), are displayed. These describe the minimum set of data elements that the NCI determined were most important for a researcher to see about a biospecimen. The ABL currently does not display information on whether or not clinical data is available to accompany the biospecimens. However, a requester has the ability to solicit clinical data in the request. Once a request is approved, the biospecimen provider will contact the requester to discuss the request (and the requester''s questions) before finalizing the invoice and shipment. The ABL is available to the public to browse. In order to request biospecimens from the ABL, the researcher will be required to submit the requested required information. Upon submission of the information, shipment of the requested biospecimen(s) will be dependent on the scientific and institutional review approval. Account required. Registration is open to everyone.. Documented on August 19,2019.BOND, which requires registration of a free account, is a resource used to perform cross-database searches of available sequence, interaction, complex and pathway information. BOND integrates a range of component databases including GenBank and BIND, the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database. BOND contains 70+ million biological sequences, 33,000 structures, 38,000 GO terms, and over 200,000 human curated interactions contained in BIND, and is open access. BOND serves the interests of the developing global interactome effort encompassing the genomic, proteomic and metabolomic research communities. BOND is the first open access search resource to integrate sequence and interaction information. BOND integrates BLAST functionality, and contains a well-documented API. BOND also stores annotation links for sequences, including links to Genome Ontology descriptions, MedLine abstracts, taxon identifiers, associated structures, redundant sequences, sequence neighbors, conserved domains, data base cross-references, Online Mendalian Inheritance in Man identifiers, LocusLink identifiers and complete genomes. BIND on BOND The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND), a component database of BOND, is a collection of records documenting molecular interactions. The contents of BIND include high-throughput data submissions and hand-curated information gathered from the scientific literature. BIND is an interaction database with three classifications for molecular associations: molecules that associate with each other to form interactions, molecular complexes that are formed from one or more interaction(s) and pathways that are defined by a specific sequence of two or more interactions.Interactions A BIND record represents an interaction between two or more objects that is believed to occur in a living organism. A biological object can be a protein, DNA, RNA, ligand, molecular complex, gene, photon or an unclassified biological entity. BIND records are created for interactions which have been shown experimentally and published in at least one peer-reviewed journal. A record also references any papers with experimental evidence that support or dispute the associated interaction. Interactions are the basic units of BIND and can be linked together to form molecular complexes or pathways. The BIND interaction viewer is a tool to visualize and analyze molecular interactions, complexes and pathways. The BIND interaction viewer uses Ontoglyphs to display information about a protein via attributes such as molecular function, biological process and sub-cellular localization. Ontoglyphs allow to graphically and interactively explore interaction networks, by visualizing interactions in the context of 34 functional, 25 binding specificity and 24 sub-cellular localization Ontoglyphs categories. We will continue to provide an open access version of BOND, providing its subscribers with free, unlimited access to a core content set. But we are confident you will soon want to upgrade to BONDplus.

Proper citation: Biomolecular Object Network Databank (RRID:SCR_007433) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/ustilago/

The MIPS Ustilago maydis Genome Database aims to present information on the molecular structure and functional network of the entirely sequenced, filamentous fungus Ustilago maydis. The underlying sequence is the initial release of the high quality draft sequence of the Broad Institute. The goal of the MIPS database is to provide a comprehensive genome database in the Genome Research Environment in parallel with other fungal genomes to enable in depth fungal comparative analysis. The specific aims are to: 1. Generate and assemble Whole Genome Shotgun sequence reads yielding 10X coverage of the U. maydis genome 2. Integrate the genomic sequence assembly with physical maps generated by Bayer CropScience 3. Perform automated annotation of the sequence assembly 4. Align the strain 521 assembly with the FB1 assembly provided by Exelixis 5. Release the sequence assembly and results of our annotation and analysis to public Ustilago maydis is a basidiomycete fungal pathogen of maize and teosinte. The genome size is approximately 20 Mb. The fungus induces tumors on host plants and forms masses of diploid teliospores. These spores germinate and form haploid meiotic products that can be propagated in culture as yeast-like cells. Haploid strains of opposite mating type fuse and form a filamentous, dikaryotic cell type that invades plant tissue to reinitiate infection. Ustilago maydis is an important model system for studying pathogen-host interactions and has been studied for more than 100 years by plant pathologists. Molecular genetic research with U. maydis focuses on recombination, the role of mating in pathogenesis, and signaling pathways that influence virulence. Recently, the fungus has emerged as an excellent experimental model for the molecular genetic analysis of phytopathogenesis, particularly in the characterization of infection-specific morphogenesis in response to signals from host plants. Ustilago maydis also serves as an important model for other basidiomycete plant pathogens that are more difficult to work with in the laboratory, such as the rust and bunt fungi. Genomic sequence of U. maydis will also be valuable for comparative analysis of other fungal genomes, especially with respect to understanding the host range of fungal phytopathogens. The analysis of U. maydis would provide a framework for studying the hundreds of other Ustilago species that attack important crops, such as barley, wheat, sorghum, and sugarcane. Comparisons would also be possible with other basidiomycete fungi, such as the important human pathogen C. neoformans. Commercially, U. maydis is an excellent model for the discovery of antifungal drugs. In addition, maize tumors caused by U. maydis are prized in Hispanic cuisine and there is interest in improving commercial production. The complete putative gene set of the Broad Institute''s second release is loaded into the database and in addition all deviating putative genes from a putative gene set produced by MIPS with different gene prediction parameters are also loaded. The complete dataset will then be analysed, gene predictions will be manually corrected due to combined information derived from different gene prediction algorithms and, more important, protein and EST comparisons. Gene prediction will be restricted to ORFs larger than 50 codons; smaller ORFs will be included only if similarities to other proteins or EST matches confirm their existence or if a coding region was postulated by all prediction programs used. The resulting proteins will be annotated. They will be classified according to the MIPS classification catalogue receiving appropriate descriptions. All proteins with a known, characterized homolog will be automatically assigned to functional categories using the MIPS functional catalog. All extracted proteins are in addition automatically analysed and annotated by the PEDANT suite.

Proper citation: MIPS Ustilago maydis Database (RRID:SCR_007563) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://projects.tcag.ca/humandup/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 17, 2013. It contains information about segmental duplications in the human genome. The criteria used to identify regions of segmental duplication are: Sequence identity of at least 90, Sequence length of at least 5 kb, Not be entirely composed of repetitive elements. Background Previous studies have suggested that recent segmental duplications, which are often involved in chromosome rearrangements underlying genomic disease, account for some 5 of the human genome. We have developed rapid computational heuristics based on BLAST analysis to detect segmental duplications, as well as regions containing potential sequence misassignments in the human genome assemblies. Results Our analysis of the June 2002 public human genome assembly revealed that 107.4 of 3,043.1 megabases (Mb) (3.53) of sequence contained segmental duplications, each with size equal or more than 5 kb and 90 identity. We have also detected that 38.9 Mb (1.28) of sequence within this assembly is likely to be involved in sequence misassignment errors. Furthermore, we have identified a significant subset (199,965 of 2,327,473 or 8.6) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the public databases that are not true SNPs but are potential paralogous sequence variants. Conclusion Using two distinct computational approaches, we have identified most of the sequences in the human genome that have undergone recent segmental duplications. Near-identical segmental duplications present a major challenge to the completion of the human genome sequence. Potential sequence misassignments detected in this study would require additional efforts to resolve. The segmental duplication data and summary statistics are available for download. Data for Human Genome (based on the May 2004 Human Genome Assembly (hg17)) Visualize duplication relationships in GBrowse (GBrowse) Duplicon Pair relationships (GFF) Genes within duplication regions (HTML) Genome duplication content (MS Excel) The segmental duplication data can be visualized in a genome browser in the GBrowse section. Selected human genome annotation tracks (except the segmental duplication track) have also been obtained from UCSC and loaded into the genome browser. Detailed information (e.g. overlapping genes, overlapping clones, detailed alignment) can be obtained by clicking on a duplication cluster in GBrowse. Both keyword search and BLAT search are available. Analyses based on previous human genome assemblies can be found in the Previous Analyses section. Acknowledgments We thank The Centre for Applied Genomics at the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) as well as collaborators worldwide. Supported by Genome Canada the Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Scholar Program (to S.W.S.) and the HSC Foundation.

Proper citation: Human Genome Segmental Duplication Database (RRID:SCR_007728) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://systers.molgen.mpg.de/

SYSTERS is a database of protein sequences grouped into homologous families and superfamilies. The SYSTERS project aims to provide a meaningful partitioning of the whole protein sequence space by a fully automatic procedure. A refined two-step algorithm assigns each protein to a family and a superfamily. The sequence data underlying SYSTERS release 4 now comprise several protein sequence databases derived from completely sequenced genomes (ENSEMBL, TAIR, SGD and GeneDB), in addition to the comprehensive Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL databases. To augment the automatically derived results, information from external databases like Pfam and Gene Ontology are added to the web server. Furthermore, users can retrieve pre-processed analyses of families like multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees. New query options comprise a batch retrieval tool for functional inference about families based on automatic keyword extraction from sequence annotations. A new access point, PhyloMatrix, allows the retrieval of phylogenetic profiles of SYSTERS families across organisms with completely sequenced genomes. Gene, Human, Vertebrate, Genome, Human ORFs

Proper citation: SYSTERS (RRID:SCR_007955) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://itfp.biosino.org/itfp/

ITFP is an integrated transcription factor (TF) platform, which included abundant TFs and targets message of mammalian. Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm combined with error-correcting output coding (ECOC) algorithm was utilized to identify and classify transcription factor from protein sequence of Human, Mouse and Rat. For transcription factor targets, a reverse engineering method named ARACNE was used to derive potential interaction pairs between transcription factor and downstream regulated gene from Human, Mouse and Rat gene expression profile data. Detailed information of gene expression profile data can be found in help page. Moreover, all data provided by the platform is free for non-commercial users and can be downloaded through links on help page.

Proper citation: Intergrated Transcription Factor Platform (RRID:SCR_008119) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry