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http://brainethics.org/

There are a lot of fine blogs out there covering the avalance of current neuroscience research. With this blog Thomas Rams��y & Martin Skov want to highlight the many consequences of this growing understanding of the human brain. We are especially interested in two types of consequences: Tinkering with the brain and What is it like to be a human being? * Tinkering with the brain: First and foremost, with an understanding of how the brain works comes the possibility of tinkering with it. We already use billions of dollars every year on psychopharmocologia trying to treat depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other mental diseases. But should we also use our knowledge of the brain to treat undesirable mental traits such as pedophilia or sociopathy? And what about enhancing normal brains? Clearly, evolution hasn''t endowed us with the most efficient brain imaginable. Shouldn''t we do something about its many shortcomings? * What is it like to be a human being?: Secondly, our view of human behavior is sure to change with our improved understanding of the human brain. Our knowledge of core human faculties such as language, social reasoning, aesthetics, and economics is already being challenged by modern neuroscience, yielding multiple hard questions. Do we have a free will? Is the mind innate or plastic? If people are not responsible for their actions (since all actions are caused by blind molecular processes) does our legal system still make sense? In short, will modern neuroscience come to completely redefine human nature? We try to discuss contemporary research literature, not just news reports. Although we will occasionally also target popular science reports, since we believe they play an important role in dissemining lessons from the lab. And in the future we plan to also post interviews with interesting researchers, as well as link to our own publications in journals and books. Additionally, the latest and most important books in the multidisciplinary field of neuroscience, cognition, psychology, ethics and economics are presented.

Proper citation: BrainEthics (RRID:SCR_005530) Copy   

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http://cbrain.mcgill.ca/

A flexible software platform for distributed processing, analysis, exchange and visualization of brain imaging data. The expected result is a middleware platform that will render the processing environment (hardware, operating systems, storage servers, etc...) transparent to a remote user. Interaction with a standard web browser allows application of complex algorithm pipelines to large datasets stored at remote locations using a mixture of network available resources such as small clusters, neuroimaging tools and databases as well as Compute Canada's High Performance Computing Centers (HPC). Though the focus of CBRAIN is providing tools for use by brain imaging researchers, the platform is generalizable to other imaging domains, such as radiology, surgical planning and heart imaging, with profound consequences for Canadian medical research. CBRAIN expanded its concept to include international partners in the US, Germany and Korea. As of December 2010, GBRAIN has made significant progress with the original three partners and has developed new partners in Singapore, China, India, and Latin America. CBRAIN is currently deployed on 6 Compute Canada HPC clusters, one German HPC cluster and 3 clusters local to McGill University Campus, totaling more than 80,000 potential CPU cores.

Proper citation: CBRAIN (RRID:SCR_005513) Copy   

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http://science.education.nih.gov/home2.nsf/feature/index.htm

The NIH Office of Science Education (OSE) coordinates science education activities at the NIH and develops and sponsors science education projects in house. These programs serve elementary, secondary, and college students and teachers and the public. Activities * Develop curriculum supplements and other educational materials related to medicine and research through collaborations with scientific experts at NIH * Maintain a website as a central source of information about NIH science education resources * Establish national model programs in public science education, such as the NIH Mini-Med School and Science in the Cinema * Promote science education reform as outlined in the National Science Education Standards and related guidelines The OSE was established in 1991 within the Office of Science Policy of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health. The NIH is the world''s foremost biomedical research center and the U.S. federal government''s focal point for such research. It is one of the components of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Office of Science Education (OSE) plans, develops, and coordinates a comprehensive science education program to strengthen and enhance efforts of the NIH to attract young people to biomedical and behavioral science careers and to improve science literacy in both adults and children. The function of the Office is as follows: (1) develops, supports, and directs new program initiatives at all levels with special emphasis on targeting students in grades kindergarten to 16, their educators and parents, and the general public; (2) advises NIH leadership on science education issues; (3) examines and evaluates research and emerging trends in science education and literacy for policy making; (4) works closely with the NIH extramural, intramural, women''s health, laboratory animal research, and minority program offices on science education special issues and programs to ensure coordination of NIH efforts; (5) works with NIH institutes, centers, and divisions to enhance communication of science education activities; and (6) works cooperatively with other public- and private-sector organizations to develop and coordinate activities.

Proper citation: NIH Office of Science Education (RRID:SCR_005603) Copy   

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http://www.nimh.nih.gov/educational-resources/brain-basics/brain-basics.shtml

Brain Basics provides information on how the brain works, how mental illnesses are disorders of the brain, and ongoing research that helps us better understand and treat disorders. Mental disorders are common. You may have a friend, colleague, or relative with a mental disorder, or perhaps you have experienced one yourself at some point. Such disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and many others. Some people who develop a mental illness may recover completely; others may have repeated episodes of illness with relatively stable periods in between. Still others live with symptoms of mental illness every day. They can be moderate, or serious and cause severe disability. Through research, we know that mental disorders are brain disorders. Evidence shows that they can be related to changes in the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the nervous system. When the brain cannot effectively coordinate the billions of cells in the body, the results can affect many aspects of life. Scientists are continually learning more about how the brain grows and works in healthy people, and how normal brain development and function can go awry, leading to mental illnesses. Brain Basics will introduce you to some of this science, such as: * How the brain develops * How genes and the environment affect the brain * The basic structure of the brain * How different parts of the brain communicate and work with each other * How changes in the brain can lead to mental disorders, such as depression.

Proper citation: Brain Basics (RRID:SCR_005606) Copy   

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http://brainstars.org

BrainStars (or B*) is a quantitative expression database of the adult mouse brain. The database has genome-wide expression profile at 51 adult mouse CNS regions. For 51 CNS regions, slices (0.5-mm thick) of mouse brain were cut on a Mouse Brain Matrix, frozen, and the specific regions were punched out bilaterally with a microdissecting needle (gauge 0.5 mm) under a stereomicroscope. For each region, we took samples every 4 hours, starting at ZT0 (Zeitgaber time 0; the time of lights on), for 24 hours (6 time-point samples for each region), and we pooled the samples from the different time points. We independently sampled each region twice (n=2). These samples were purified their RNA, and measured with Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays. Expression values were then summarized with the RMA method. After several analysis with the expression data, the data and analysis results were stored in the BrainStars database. The database has a REST-like Web API interface for accessing from your Web applications. This document shows how to access the database via our Web API.

Proper citation: BrainStars (RRID:SCR_005810) Copy   

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http://vibez.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/

An imaging and image analysis framework for virtual colocalization studies in larval zebrafish brains, currently available for 72hpf, 48hpf and 96hpf old larvae. ViBE-Z contains a database with precisely aligned gene expression patterns (1����m^3 resolution), an anatomical atlas, and a software. This software creates high-quality data sets by fusing multiple confocal microscopic image stacks, and aligns these data sets to the standard larva. The ViBE-Z database and atlas are stored in HDF5 file format. They are freely available for download. ViBE-Z provides a software that automatically maps gene expression data with cellular resolution to a 3D standard larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. ViBE-Z enhances the data quality through fusion and attenuation correction of multiple confocal microscope stacks per specimen and uses a fluorescent stain of cell nuclei for image registration. It automatically detects 14 predefined anatomical landmarks for aligning new data with the reference brain. ViBE-Z performs colocalization analysis in expression databases for anatomical domains or subdomains defined by any specific pattern. The ViBE-Z database, atlas and software are provided via a web interface.

Proper citation: ViBE-Z (RRID:SCR_005895) Copy   

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https://gene-atlas.brainminds.jp/

Database of gene expression in the marmoset brain.Comparative anatomy of marmoset and mouse cortex from genomic expression. Atlas comparing brain of neonatal marmoset with mouse using in situ hybridization.

Proper citation: Expression Atlas of the Marmoset (RRID:SCR_005760) Copy   

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http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/departments/neurology/programs/traumatic-brain-injury/index.html

The 16 affiliated Model System centers throughout the United States are responsible for gathering and submitting the core data set to the national database as well as conducting research studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) both in collaboration with the other centers and within our own site. Through our research we hope to learn more about TBI and about the issues and concerns of people with TBI. Our goals are to improve the outcome and quality of life for people who have had brain injuries and for those who are caring for the person with a TBI. The North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (NT-TBIMS) pools the efforts and talents of individuals from the Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry (Neuropsychiatry), and Neuroradiology of the two leading medical institutions in the North Texas region. To be a patient involved in the research being conducted by the North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System you must have suffered a TBI, be at least 16 years of age, have received initial treatment for the TBI at either Parkland Health and Hospital System or Baylor University Medical Center and then have received rehabilitative care at either Parkland, University Hospital Zale-Lipshy, or Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation. The patient must also be able to understand and sign an informed consent to participate or, if unable, have a family member or a legal guardian who understands the form sign the informed consent for the patient.

Proper citation: North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (RRID:SCR_005879) Copy   

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http://www.brainsmatter.com/

Welcome to the Brains Matter podcast where brains really do matter. A discussion of science, trivia, history, and general knowledge. The show started in September 2006, and includes discussion on various topics, as well as interviews with experts in their field. You can subscribe to the show via iTunes, a standard RSS reader, or listen to the individual MP3 shows from the ''flash player'' on the website, or direct download.

Proper citation: Brains Matter (RRID:SCR_005847) Copy   

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http://brainnetworks.sourceforge.net

Brain Networks: Code to perform network analysis on brain imaging data.

Proper citation: Brain Networks (RRID:SCR_005841) Copy   

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http://knightadrc.wustl.edu/

The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) supports researchers and our surrounding community in their pursuit of answers that will lead to improved diagnosis and care for persons with Alzheimer disease (AD). The Center is committed to the long-term goal of finding a way to effectively treat and prevent AD. The Knight ADRC facilitates advanced research on the clinical, genetic, neuropathological, neuroanatomical, biomedical, psychosocial, and neuropsychological aspects of Alzheimer disease, as well as other related brain disorders.

Proper citation: Washington University School of Medicine Knight Alzheimers Disease Research Center (RRID:SCR_000210) Copy   

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http://www.ecnp.eu/

A pan-European scientific association to encourage research across the neurosciences and to translate new knowledge on fundamental disease mechanisms into new medicines and clinical applications. As an interdisciplinary forum for the science and treatment of disorders of the brain, they promote the communication and cross- fertilization of high-quality experimental and clinical research across the field of neuroscience. ECNP is a non-profit member-based association, independently governed and self-funded. ECNP is a public-interest-serving entity.

Proper citation: ECNP (RRID:SCR_000501) Copy   

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https://resource.loni.usc.edu/resources/atlases/

Probabilistic reference system for human brain, including tools to establish this reference system for structural and functional anatomy on both macroscopic (in vivo) and microscopic (post mortem) levels. Project has expanded neuroinformatics tools for data sharing and created Conforming Site System that allows laboratories worldwide to contribute data to evolving atlas. Through implementation of ICBM data sharing policy space, they are fostering data exchange while still providing for scientific credit assignment and subject confidentiality.ICBM atlas collection consists of ICBM Template, tool developed to provide reference that includes both set of coordinates and associated anatomical labels; the ICBM 452 T1 atlas, average of T1-weighted MRIs of normal young adult brains, ICBM probabilistic atlases, and Cytoarchitectonic Atlas. ICBM Subject Database is web-based database infrastructure that simplifies image dataset collection, organization and dissemination. Authorized users may view representations of data and form collections of datasets that can be downloaded or fed directly into Pipeline environment for distributed processing and analysis.

Proper citation: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (RRID:SCR_000445) Copy   

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http://www.talairach.org/

Software automated coordinate based system to retrieve brain labels from the 1988 Talairach Atlas. Talairach Daemon database contains anatomical names for brain areas using x-y-z coordinates defined by the 1988 Talairach Atlas.

Proper citation: Talairach Daemon (RRID:SCR_000448) Copy   

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http://www.pbtc.org/

The PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CONSORTIUM (PBTC) is a multidisciplinary cooperative research organization devoted to the study of correlative tumor biology and new therapies for primary CNS tumors of childhood. PBTC's mission is to contribute rapidly and effectively to the understanding and cure of these tumors through the conduct of multi-center, multidisciplinary, innovative studies with designs and analyses based on uniformly high quality statistical science. While the primary mission of the PBTC is to identify through laboratory and clinical science superior treatment strategies for children with brain cancers, the PBTC investigators recognize their profound responsibility to meet the special needs of the children and families as they face this enormous challenge. Members are committed to working within their institutions and communities to improve support services and follow up care for these patients and their families. The PBTC's primary objective is to rapidly conduct novel phase I and II clinical evaluations of new therapeutic drugs, new biological therapies, treatment delivery technologies and radiation treatment strategies in children from infancy to 21 years of age with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. A second objective is to characterize reliable markers and predictors (direct or surrogate) of brain tumors' responses to new therapies. The Consortium conducts research on brain tumor specimens in the laboratory to further understand the biology of pediatric brain tumors. A third objective is to develop and coordinate innovative neuro-imaging techniques. Through the PBTC's Neuro-Imaging Center, formed in May 2000, research to evaluate new treatment response criteria and neuro-imaging methods to understand regional brain effects is in progress. These imaging techniques can also advance understanding of significant neuro-toxicity in a developing child's central nervous system. The Neuro-Imaging Center is supported in part by private sources - grants from foundations and non-profit organizations - in addition to the NCI. As an NCI funded Consortium, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) is required to make research data available to other investigators for use in research projects. An investigator who wishes to use individual patient data from one or more of the Consortium's completed and published studies must submit in writing a description of the research project, the PBTC studies from which data are requested, the specific data requested, and a list of investigators involved with the project and their affiliated research institutions. A copy of the requesting investigator's CV must also be provided. Participating Institutions: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Children's National Medical Center (Washington, DC), Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago), Duke University, National Cancer Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Texas Children's Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, and University of Pittsburgh.

Proper citation: Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (RRID:SCR_000658) Copy   

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http://www.nitrc.org/projects/atp

Autism research program that makes available post-mortem brain tissue to qualified scientists all over the world. Working directly with tissue banks, organ procurement agencies, medical examiners and the general public, this is the largest program dedicated to increasing and enhancing the availability of post-mortem brain tissue for basic research in autism. To date, the ATP has collected and stored more than 170 brains in their repositories at Harvard (US) and Oxford (UK). These brains are processed by formalin fixation and/or snap frozen to properly provide high quality tissue of all brain regions, in support of biological research in autism. The ATP is unique in that they diligently pursue all available clinical data (pre and post mortem) on tissue donors in order to create the most biologically relevant brain repository for autism research. These data, together with tissue resources from both banks and associated repositories, are presented to all interested researchers through their extensive web-based data portal (login required). The ATP is not a brain bank, but works directly with the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center in Boston (HBTRC), Massachusetts to serve as its tissue repository. This program augments brain bank functions by: * Creating the most biologically relevant brain tissue repository possible * Fully covering all costs associated with brain extraction and transfer to the repositories at Harvard (US and Canada) and Oxford (UK). * Providing scientific oversight of tissue distributions * Overseeing and managing all tissue grants * Clinically phenotyping and acquiring extensive medical data on all of their donors * Providing continuing family support and communication to all of their donors * Directly supporting researchers to facilitate autism research * Maintaining a robust web based data management and secure on-line global interface system * Developing and supporting ATP established scientific initiatives * Actively providing public outreach and education The ATP is not a clinical organ procurement agency, but rather they facilitate the wishes of donors and families to donate their tissue to autism research. Through the ATP's established international infrastructure, they work with any accredited tissue bank, organ procurement agency, or medical examiner that receives a family's request to donate their loved one's tissue to the program. Once contacted, the ATP will insure that the family's request to donate their loved one's tissue is faithfully met, covering all costs to the family and partnering agency as well as ensuring the tissues' proper and rapid transport to the ATP's repository at the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (HBTRC) in Boston, Massachusetts.

Proper citation: Autism Tissue Program (RRID:SCR_000651) Copy   

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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/

A physiologic and molecular look at drug addiction involving many factors including: basic neurobiology, a scientific examination of drug action in the brain, the role of genetics in addiction, and ethical considerations. Designed to be used by students, teachers and members of the public, the materials meet selected US education standards for science and health. Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by changes in the brain which result in a compulsive desire to use a drug. A combination of many factors including genetics, environment and behavior influence a person's addiction risk, making it an incredibly complicated disease. The new science of addiction considers all of these factors - from biology to family - to unravel the complexities of the addicted brain. * Natural Reward Pathways Exist in the Brain: The reward pathway is responsible for driving our feelings of motivation, reward and behavior. * Drugs Alter the Brain's Reward Pathway: Drugs work over time to change the reward pathway and affect the entire brain, resulting in addiction. * Genetics Is An Important Factor In Addiction: Genetic susceptibility to addiction is the result of the interaction of many genes. * Timing and Circumstances Influence Addiction: If you use drugs when you are an adolescent, you are more likely to develop lifetime addiction. An individual's social environment also influences addiction risk. * Challenges and Issues in Addiction: Addiction impacts society with many ethical, legal and social issues.

Proper citation: New Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain (RRID:SCR_002770) Copy   

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http://www.cnl.salk.edu/

The long range goal of this laboratory is to understand the computational resources of brains from the biophysical to the systems levels. The central issues being addressed are how dendrites integrate synaptic signals in neurons, how networks of neurons generate dynamical patterns of activity, how sensory information is represented in the cerebral cortex, how memory representations are formed and consolidated during sleep, and how visuo-motor transformations are adaptively organized. Additionally, new techniques have been developed for modeling cell signaling using Monte Carlo methods (MCell) and the blind separation of brain imaging data into functionally independent components (ICA).

Proper citation: Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute (RRID:SCR_002809) Copy   

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http://www.cnsforum.com/educationalresources/imagebank/

A collection of downloadable central nervous system (CNS) images for teaching, presentations, articles, and other purposes. The following major categories of images are as follows: Brain anatomy, Brain physiology, Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia, Dementia, Parkinson's disease, Stroke, and Others.

Proper citation: CNSforum: Image Bank (RRID:SCR_002718) Copy   

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http://www.rbwb.org/

The Rodent Brain WorkBench is the portal to atlases, databases and tools developed by the Neural Systems and Graphics Computing Laboratory (NeSys) at the Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience (CMBN), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. The Rodent Brain WorkBench presents a collection of brain mapping and atlasing oriented database applications and tools. The main category of available data is high resolution mosaic images covering complete histological sections through the rat and mouse brain. A highly structured relational database system for archiving, retrieving, viewing, and analysing microscopy and imaging data, aiming at presentation in standardized brain atlas space, is used to present a series of web applications for individual research projects. * Brain Connectivity * Atlases of Mouse Brain Promoter Gene Expression * General Brain Atlas and Navigation Systems * Downloadable tools for 3-DVisualization Open Access: * Atlas 3D * Cerebro-Cerebellar I * Cerebro-Cerebellar II * Neurotransporter Atlas * Rat Hippocampus * Tet-Off Atlas I (PrP) * Tet-Off Atlas II (PrP/CamKII) * Whole Brain Connectivity Atlas The data presented have been produced in collaboration with a large number of laboratories in Europe and the United States.

Proper citation: Rodent Brain WorkBench (RRID:SCR_002727) Copy   

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