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http://bluebrain.epfl.ch/

A Swiss-led project with the aim of reverse engineering the mammalian brain and achieving a complete virtual human brain. The researchers have demonstrated the validity of their method by developing a realistic model of a rat cortical column, consisting of about 10,000 neurons. The eventual goal is to simulate systems of millions and hundreds of millions of neurons. The virtual brain will be an exceptional tool giving neuroscientists a new understanding of the brain and a better understanding of neurological diseases. In five years of work, Henry Markram's team has perfected a facility that can create realistic models of one of the brain's essential building blocks. This process is entirely data driven and essentially automatically executed on the supercomputer. Meanwhile the generated models show a behavior already observed in years of neuroscientific experiments. These models will be basic building blocks for larger scale models leading towards a complete virtual brain.

Proper citation: Blue Brain Project (RRID:SCR_002994) Copy   

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http://irc.cchmc.org/software/pedbrain.php

Brain imaging data collected from a large population of normal, healthy children that have been used to construct pediatric brain templates, which can be used within statistical parametric mapping for spatial normalization, tissue segmentation and visualization of imaging study results. The data has been processed and compiled in various ways to accommodate a wide range of possible research approaches. The templates are made available free of charge to all interested parties for research purposes only. When processing imaging data from children, it is important to take into account the fact that the pediatric brain differs significantly from the adult brain. Therefore, optimized processing requires appropriate reference data be used because adult reference data will introduce a systematic bias into the results. We have shown that, in the in the case of spatial normalization, the amount of non-linear deformation is dramatically less when a pediatric template is used (left, see also HBM 2002; 17:48-60). We could also show that tissue composition is substantially different between adults and children, and more so the younger the children are (right, see also MRM 2003; 50:749-757). We thus believe that the use of pediatric reference data might be more appropriate.

Proper citation: CCHMC Pediatric Brain Templates (RRID:SCR_003276) Copy   

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http://www.macbrain.org/

Portal on how the experiences of early childhood are incorporated into the structures of the developing brain, and how, in turn, those changes in the structures of the brain influence behavior. The network explores how knowledge of brain development can guide us in understanding of behavioral development and vice versa. It focuses specifically on sensitive periods and neural plasticity, the reciprocal phenomena whereby (a) the brain is negatively affected if certain experiences fail to occur within a certain time period, and (b) the brain is altered by experience at virtually any point in the life span. Here we consider not only how the structure of experience is incorporated into the structure of the brain, but also how this knowledge can influence the decisions we make about intervening in the lives of children. Research and other projects conducted by the Network fall into four broad categories: * Effects of early experience on brain development * New methods for studying brain-behavior relations * Comparative studies of early brain-behavioral development * Impact on public policy: Educating educators and the media RESOURCES NimStim Face Stimulus Set The Research Network on Early Experience and Brain Development has developed a battery of 646 facial expression stimuli for use in its own and other studies of face and emotion recognition. Images include the following expressions, displayed by a variety of models of various genders and races: fearful, happy, sad, angry, surprised, calm, neutral, disgusted. They are making these stimuli available to the public free of charge with registration and acceptance of the terms and conditions to use the stimulus set.

Proper citation: Research Network in Early Experience and Brain Development (RRID:SCR_003271) Copy   

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http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgVisiGene

Virtual microscope for viewing in situ images that show where a gene is used in an organism, sometimes down to cellular resolution. The user can examine cell-by-cell as well as tissue-by-tissue expression patterns. Users can retrieve images that meet specific search criteria, then interactively zoom and scroll across the collection. Image set contributions are welcome. The following image collections are currently available for browsing: * High-quality high-resolution images of eight-week-old male mouse sagittal brain slices with reverse-complemented mRNA hybridization probes from the Allen Brain Atlas, courtesy of the Allen Institute for Brain Science * Mouse in situ images from the Jackson Lab Gene Expression Database (GXD) at MGI * Transcription factors in mouse embryos from the Mahoney Center for Neuro-Oncology * Mouse head and brain in situ images from NCBI''''s Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) database * Xenopus laevis in situ images from the National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) XDB project

Proper citation: VisiGene Image Browser (RRID:SCR_003341) Copy   

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http://braintrap.inf.ed.ac.uk/braintrap/

This database contains information on protein expression in the Drosophila melanogaster brain. It consists of a collection of 3D confocal datasets taken from EYFP expressing protein trap Drosophila lines from the Cambridge Protein Trap project. Currently there are 884 brain scans from 535 protein trap lines in the database. Drosophila protein trap strains were generated by the St Johnston Lab and the Russell Lab at the University of Cambridge, UK. The piggyBac insertion method was used to insert constructs containing splice acceptor and donor sites, StrepII and FLAG affinity purification tags, and an EYFP exon (Venus). Brain images were acquired by Seymour Knowles-Barley, in the Armstrong Lab at the University of Edinburgh. Whole brain mounts were imaged by confocal microscopy, with a background immunohistochemical label added to aid the identification of brain structures. Additional immunohistochemical labeling of the EYFP protein using an anti-GFP antibody was also used in most cases. The trapped protein signal (EYFP / anti-GFP), background signal (NC82 label), and the merged signal can be viewed on the website by using the corresponding channel buttons. In all images the trapped protein / EYFP signal appears green and the background / NC82 channel appears magenta. Original .lsm image files are also available for download.

Proper citation: BrainTrap: Fly Brain Protein Trap Database (RRID:SCR_003398) Copy   

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http://www.pediatricmri.nih.gov/

Data sets of clinical / behavioral and image data are available for download by qualified researchers from a seven year, multi-site, longitudinal study using magnetic resonance technologies to study brain maturation in healthy, typically-developing infants, children, and adolescents and to correlate brain development with cognitive and behavioral development. The information obtained in this study is expected to provide essential data for understanding the course of normal brain development as a basis for understanding atypical brain development associated with a variety of developmental, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disorders affecting children and adults. This study enrolled over 500 children, ranging from infancy to young adulthood. The goal was to study each participant at least three times over the course of the project at one of six Pediatric Centers across the United States. Brain MR and clinical/behavioral data have been compiled and analyzed at a Data Coordinating Center and Clinical Coordinating Center. Additionally, MR spectroscopy and DTI data are being analyzed. The study was organized around two objectives corresponding to two age ranges at the time of enrollment, each with its own protocols. * Objective 1 enrolled children ages 4 years, 6 months through 18 years (total N = 433). This sample was recruited across the six Pediatric Study Centers using community based sampling to reflect the demographics of the United States in terms of income, race, and ethnicity. The subjects were studied with both imaging and clinical/behavioral measures at two year intervals for three time points. * Objective 2 enrolled newborns, infants, toddlers, and preschoolers from birth through 4 years, 5 months, who were studied three or more times at two Pediatric Study Centers at intervals ranging from three months for the youngest subjects to one year as the children approach the Objective 1 age range. Both imaging and clinical/behavioral measures were collected at each time point. Participant recruitment used community based sampling that included hospital venues (e.g., maternity wards and nurseries, satellite physician offices, and well-child clinics), community organizations (e.g., day-care centers, schools, and churches), and siblings of children participating in other research at the Pediatric Study Centers. At timepoint 1, of those enrolled, 114 children had T1 scans that passed quality control checks. Staged data release plan: The first data release included structural MR images and clinical/behavioral data from the first assessments, Visit 1, for Objective 1. A second data release included structural MRI and clinical/behavioral data from the second visit for Objective 1. A third data release included structural MRI data for both Objective 1 and 2 and all time points, as well as preliminary spectroscopy data. A fourth data release added cortical thickness, gyrification and cortical surface data. Yet to be released are longitudinally registered anatomic MRI data and diffusion tensor data. A collaborative effort among the participating centers and NIH resulted in age-appropriate MR protocols and clinical/behavioral batteries of instruments. A summary of this protocol is available as a Protocol release document. Details of the project, such as study design, rationale, recruitment, instrument battery, MRI acquisition details, and quality controls can be found in the study protocol. Also available are the MRI procedure manual and Clinical/Behavioral procedure manuals for Objective 1 and Objective 2.

Proper citation: NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development (RRID:SCR_003394) Copy   

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http://www.ispa.pt/ui/uie/ibbg/TilapiaBrainAtlas/index.html

Digital three-dimensional MRI atlas of the Mozambique tilapia brain, supported by Nissl staining. Images were viewed and analyzed in all orientations (transverse, sagittal, and horizontal) and manually labelled to reveal structures in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum. The MRI atlas data (16-bit int) and delineation data (8-bit int) are provided in Raw data (file_name.raw), Amira format (file_name.am) and in Analyze format (file_name.img and file_name.hdr).

Proper citation: Brain Atlas of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (RRID:SCR_003501) Copy   

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http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/

A multi-center project comprising two distinct consortia (Mass. Gen. Hosp. and USC; and Wash. U. and the U. of Minn.) seeking to map white matter fiber pathways in the human brain using leading edge neuroimaging methods, genomics, architectonics, mathematical approaches, informatics, and interactive visualization. The mapping of the complete structural and functional neural connections in vivo within and across individuals provides unparalleled compilation of neural data, an interface to graphically navigate this data and the opportunity to achieve conclusions about the living human brain. The HCP is being developed to employ advanced neuroimaging methods, and to construct an extensive informatics infrastructure to link these data and connectivity models to detailed phenomic and genomic data, building upon existing multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts currently underway. Working with other HCP partners based at Washington University in St. Louis they will provide rich data, essential imaging protocols, and sophisticated connectivity analysis tools for the neuroscience community. This project is working to achieve the following: 1) develop sophisticated tools to process high-angular diffusion (HARDI) and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) from normal individuals to provide the foundation for the detailed mapping of the human connectome; 2) optimize advanced high-field imaging technologies and neurocognitive tests to map the human connectome; 3) collect connectomic, behavioral, and genotype data using optimized methods in a representative sample of normal subjects; 4) design and deploy a robust, web-based informatics infrastructure, 5) develop and disseminate data acquisition and analysis, educational, and training outreach materials.

Proper citation: MGH-USC Human Connectome Project (RRID:SCR_003490) Copy   

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http://www.brainfacts.org/

A web portal that aggregates information and educational materials about the brain and brain diseases. Resources such as videos, key brain concepts, and hands-on activities may be used and shared with the public.

Proper citation: brainfacts.org (RRID:SCR_003514) Copy   

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http://pons.incf.org/

Program consisting of three Task Forces and one Working Group to promote data exchange and integration in the neurosciences by developing terminology standards and formal ontologies for neural structures. Closely linked to the Program on Digital Brain Atlasing, the Program aims to establish a structured lexicon for the translation and definition of terms describing neural structures at multiple levels of granularity. The three Task Forces and one Working Group involved in the PONS effort: * Structural lexicon * Neuron registry * Representation and deployment * KnowledgeSpace Working Group Structural lexicon, Neuron registry, Representation and deployment, and KnowledgeSpace Working Group.

Proper citation: Program on Ontologies of Neural Structures (RRID:SCR_003549) Copy   

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http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/pro/Berlin.html

Dataset consisting of a community sample of individuals ranging in age from 18 to 60 years old with at least two 7.5-minute resting state fMRI scans. During the resting state scan participants were instructed to relax while keeping their eyes open. In part of the sample eye status was randomized between scans. The particular eye status for each scan is indicated in the phenotypic information. No visual stimulus was presented. A subset of participants completed the ICS and PANAS affective behavior scales. The following data are released for every participant: * Scanner Type: Siemens, 3T Trio Tim * 7.5-minute resting state fMRI scan (R-fMRI) * MPRAGE anatomical scan, defaced to protect patient confidentiality * Demographic information, inluding ICS and PANAS scores (included in the release file).

Proper citation: Neuro Bureau - Berlin Mind and Brain Sample (RRID:SCR_003537) Copy   

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http://www.alivelearn.net/xjview8/

A viewing program for Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM2, SPM5 and SPM8). p-value slider, displays multiple images at a time and can be used to build Region of Interest (ROI) masks. For a given region you can find the anatomical name and search the selected region in online database (wiki, Google scholar and PubMed).

Proper citation: xjView: A Viewing Program For SPM (RRID:SCR_008642) Copy   

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http://www.rad.upenn.edu/sbia/braid/braid_web/index.html

Large-scale archive of normalized digital spatial and functional data with an analytical query mechanism. One of its many applications is the elucidation of brain structure-function relationships. BRAID stores spatially defined data from digital brain images which have been mapped into normalized Cartesian coordinates, allowing image data from large populations of patients to be combined and compared. The database also contains neurological data from each patient and a query mechanism that can perform statistical structure-function correlations. The project is developing database technology for the manipulation and analysis of 3-dimensional brain images derived from MRI, PET, CT, etc. BRAID is based on the PostgreSQL server, an object/relational DBMS, which allows a standard relational DBMS to be augmented with application-specific datatypes and operators. The BRAID project is adding operations and datatypes to support querying, manipulation and analysis of 3D medical images, including: * Image Datatypes: BRAID supports a family of 3D image datatypes, each having an abstract type and an implementation type. Abstract types include boolean (for regions of interest), integer, float, vector (for representing morphological changes), tensor (for representing derivatives and standard deviations of vector images) and color. Implementation types at present include line-segment format and voxel array. * Image Operators: BRAID supports addition of images, multiplication (which is interpreted as intersection for boolean images), coercion of an image''s abstract or implementation type to another value, and determination of volumes of regions of interest. * Statistical Operators: A chi-squared test has been added to SQL as an aggregate operator on pairs of boolean values. * Web Interface: A general-purpose Web gateway allows the results of queries that return computed images to be displayed. You can download the BRAID source code 2.0. This version is developed under postgreSQL 7.3.4., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: BRAID (RRID:SCR_008702) Copy   

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http://brainbank.med.miami.edu/

A biomaterial supply resource which collects and disseminates over 1500 brains and links tissue specimens to patient data. The Brain Endowment Bank distributes brain tissue specimens to scientists worldwide who are investigating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as to scientists involved in ongoing studies on the affects of aging. Its overall objective is to support basic and clinical research activities by providing a systematic method for obtaining detailed pre-mortem clinical information, developing procedures for optimizing brain autopsies, cryopreserving neuropathological specimens, and obtaining neuropathological diagnoses after death.

Proper citation: UM Brain Endowment Bank (RRID:SCR_008721) Copy   

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http://brainu.org/

A neuroscience training program for Minnesota students and teachers. It provides teachers with three years of neuroscience training, materials, and staff support to bring brain science to their students. In these professional workshops, participants receive updates on the latest in neuroscience research -- discussion is complemented with hands-on activities and lab work. Teachers also receive curriculum materials to aid them in using neuroscience topics in support of Minnesota Intermediate and Middle Level standards. The program was expanded in 2008 to include high school teachers.

Proper citation: BrainU: The Neuroscience Teacher Institute (RRID:SCR_008677) Copy   

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http://www.mghmind.org

An institute whose mission is to translate laboratory discoveries into prevention, treatment and cures for Alzheimer's, ALS, Huntington's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. MIND seeks to accelerate therapies that lessen the toll of disease on patients and families. Researchers of the institute collaborate, strategize, and share technology to find treatment for these diseases. As promising leads are developed in one area, they are tested in the other neurodegenerative disorders.

Proper citation: MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (RRID:SCR_008746) Copy   

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http://www.alzresearch.org/index.cfm

A Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) whose goal is to conduct basic and clinical research aimed at understanding Alzheimer's disease. The Center enrolls a variety of individuals for clinical trials, evaluation and follow-up, including: normal control subjects, individuals with mild memory problems, and patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease or related dementias. Researchers can request data and specimens obtained from ADRC subjects. These include blood or DNA, brain specimens, and cross-sectional or longitudinal clinical and cognitive data, all from ADRC subjects.

Proper citation: Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (RRID:SCR_008757) Copy   

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http://www.bri.ucla.edu/research/resources

Brain bank resources which include postmortem human frozen brain tissue and matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood available for scientists to search for etiopathogeneses of human disease. The National Neurological Research Specimen Bank and the Multiple Sclerosis Human Neurospecimen Bank maintains a collection of quick frozen and formalin fixed postmortem human brain tissue and frozen cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depressive disorder/suicide, and epilepsy, among others. Diagnoses are documented by clinical medical records and gross/microscopic neuropathology. The Neuropathology Laboratory at the UCLA Medical Center maintains a bank of frozen, formalin and paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded postmortem human brain tissues and frozen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients who die with Alzheimer's disease and other dementing and degenerative illnesses, as well as control materials removed in a similar fashion from patients who are neurologically normal.

Proper citation: Brain Research Institute Biobank Resources (RRID:SCR_008756) Copy   

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http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/dickson_lab/

A brain bank and laboratory focused on memory and motor disorders. Brains are sent to the laboratory for diagnosis and research for the State of Florida Alzheimer Disease Initiative and for the Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. As part of this brain banking function, fixed and frozen brain samples are obtained at autopsy and sent to the laboratory for diagnostic evaluation and for various types of research studies. The major types of analyses performed on the brain samples include neuro-histology, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy and image analysis, as well as immunoassays. The latter are based upon Western blotting and enzyme linked immunoassays. The laboratory has a specific interest in the interface between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, as well as in non-Alzheimer's degenerative disorders such as Lewy body dementia, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia. The primary focus of research on aging is neuropathologic characterization of brains of individuals who had been prospectively and longitudinally evaluated during life. These studies aim to determine differences in a range of biologic parameters in brains of people with normal cognitive, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Their focus on Parkinson's disease is to identify preclinical Parkinson's disease in order to develop means for early diagnosis.

Proper citation: Mayo Clinic Jacksonville: Neuropathology and Microscopy (RRID:SCR_008753) Copy   

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http://genes2mind.org

genes2mind is a tool for rapid exploratory analysis of psychotropic drug-induced gene expression in the brain. We present here an open resource containing comparison of effects of various classes of psychotropic drugs on transcriptional alterations of ~20,000 genes in the mouse brain (C57BL/6J). Data stored in the database include raw gene expression values as well as results of drug comparison. * Genomic Signature Identification section allows for the identification of drug-specific genomic signatures. * Genomic Signature Analysis section allows for further inspection and visualization of the signatures using multidimensional data analysis (PCA), co-expression analysis and heatmaps. * Single Gene Inspection allows for brief review of expression of specific candidate genes using barplots.

Proper citation: genes2mind (RRID:SCR_008872) Copy   

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