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Tool that provides an interactive method to examine quantitative relationships between brain regions defined by different digital atlases or parcellation methods. Its current focus is for human brain imaging, though the techniques generalize to other domains. The method offers a quantitative answer to the nomenclature problem in neuroscience by comparing brain parts on the basis of their geometrical definitions rather than on the basis of name alone. Thus far these tools have been used to quantitatively compare eight distinct parcellations of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) single-subject template brain, each created using existing atlasing methods. This resources provides measures of global and regional similarity, and offers visualization techniques that allow users to quickly identify the correspondences (or lack of correspondences) between regions defined by different atlases.
Proper citation: OBART (RRID:SCR_001903) Copy
Project content including raw image data, neuronal tracings, image registration tools and analysis scripts covering three manuscripts: Comprehensive Maps of DrosophilaHigher Olfactory Centres : Spatially Segregated Fruit and Pheromone Representation which uses single cell labeling and image registration to describe the organization of the higher olfactory centers of Drosophila; Diversity and wiring variability of olfactory local interneurons in the Drosophila antennal lobe which uses single cell labeling to describe the organization of the antennal lobe local interneurons; and Sexual Dimorphism in the Fly Brain which uses clonal analysis and image registration to identify a large number of sex differences in the brain and VNC of Drosophila. Data * Raw Data of Reference Brain (pic, amira) (both seed and average) * Label field of LH and MB calyx and surfaces for these structures * Label field of neuropil of Reference Brain * Traces (before and after registration). Neurolucida, SWC and AmiraMesh lineset. * MB and LH Density Data for different classes of neuron. In R format and as separate amira files. * Registration files for all brains used in the study * MBLH confocal images for all brains actually used in the study (Biorad pic format) * Sample confocal images for antennal lobe of every PN class * Confocal stacks of GABA stained ventral PNs Programs * ImageJ plugins (Biorad reader /writer/Amira reader/writer/IGS raw Reader) * Binary of registration, warp and gregxform (macosx only, others on request) * Simple GUI for registration tools (macosx only at present) * R analysis/visualization functions * Amira Script to show examples of neuronal classes The website is a collaboration between the labs of Greg Jefferis and Liqun Luo and has been built by Chris Potter and Greg Jefferis. The core Image Registration tools were created by Torsten Rohlfing and Calvin Maurer.
Proper citation: Flybrain at Stanford (RRID:SCR_001877) Copy
Center for advancing scientific understanding and improving the health and well-being of humans and nonhuman primates. The Center conducts research in microbiology and immunology, neurologic diseases, neuropharmacology, behavioral, cognitive and developmental neuroscience, and psychiatric disorders.
Proper citation: Yerkes National Primate Research Center (RRID:SCR_001914) Copy
Databases of accumulating BMI (Brain Machine Interfaces)-related experimental data, mathematical models, and tools generated in neuroscience, computational theory, and robotics. Databases include: # Database of BMI (Brain Machine Interfaces)-related papers: More than 3500 BMI-related papers are registered. Each paper has original tags, for example, recording method and subject, for easy searching. # Database of original contents: BMI-related materials (Movie, Picture, Data, Program) provided by scientists. # Database of BMI-related research sites: 185 BMI-related research sites in the world (university, institute and company) are registered. The research site can be searched either by the location using clickable map or by the field of interest. # Database of BMI-related materials: Links to BMI-related materials (Movie, Picture, Document, Data, Program) are listed. You can easily find materials of your interest since each material is classified into research field. # BMI-related column: The columns are written by researchers specialized in BMI. Original contents include: * Neuronal activity during performance of a memory-guided movement * Reconstructed visual images from human fMRI activity * fMRI data and program for visual image reconstruction * Brain sections of monkeys, stained for several gene markers * Cortical Box Method: The Cortical box method is an analytical method that standardizes the serial coronal sections of rodent cortex for quantitative analysis. * Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex * Monkey Atlas: **Brain sections of monkeys, stained for AChE, ER81 mRNA and Sema3E mRNA - These pictures are low-resolution photos of serial brain sections of monkeys, stained for AChE as well as for ER81 and Sema3E mRNAs. The compressed file contains JPEG photos and html files for web browser navigation. Other materials are available at our website BraInSitu dedicated for in situ hybridization resources for brains. BraInSitu http://www.nibb.ac.jp/brish/indexE.html ** MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaca Fuscata) at different ages - MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaca Fuscata) at different ages ** The Stereotaxic MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey - The Stereotaxic MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey * Monkey M1 BMI ** m-file for checking the results of wrist angle estimation- This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/uln ** m-file for training of wrist angle estimation -This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation.ar deviation. ** M1 Neuronal Activity during monkey performing a motor task - video/x-ms-wmv ** Muscle tension - To estimate muscle tension from raw emg signal ** raw EMG signal - Raw EMG signal for 5 seconds ** training data of wrist angle and emg signal - This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation. ** Weight file of neural network - This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation. * Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex: Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex recorded by 3 tetrodes. Vertical 4 lines indicate one tetrode. Adjacent tetrodes are around 500 micron apart to each other.
Proper citation: Brain Machine Interface Platform (RRID:SCR_001813) Copy
http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/index.php
This UCSD department, the first Cognitive Science Department in the world, provides a focus for the continued evolution of the discipline of cognitive science. Cognitive science is a diverse field unifying three broad categories: the brain, behavior and computation. It's the study of how people, animals and computers think, act and learn. In order to understand the mind/brain, cognitive science brings together the methods and discoveries from neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy and computer science. The interdisciplinary aspects of cognitive science continue to flourish, and the participation of the broader cognitive science community on campus continues to be fundamental to cognitive science as practiced at UCSD. The interdisciplinary Ph.D. program continues to be offered as a degree option (in addition to the departmental Ph.D.), with participation by members of the Departments of Anthropology, Biology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Computer Science and Engineering, Linguistics, Music, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology, and Sociology. Cognitive Science is a relatively young field that focuses on conducting new research into the field or applying existing knowledge into new applications. This Department contains several research labs each specializing in different areas and the Department's faculty has also been published many times in various publications. Sponsors: This department is supported by the University of California at San Diego.
Proper citation: UCSD Cognitive Science: The Future of Cognitive Science (RRID:SCR_001926) Copy
The Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation is a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to foster the exchange of research on neural information processing systems in their biological, technological, mathematical, and theoretical aspects. Neural information processing is a field which benefits from a combined view of biological, physical, mathematical, and computational sciences. The primary focus of the NIPS Foundation is the presentation of a continuing series of professional meetings known as the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, held over the years at various locations in the United States and Canada.
Proper citation: NIPS - Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (RRID:SCR_001998) Copy
http://hendrix.ei.dtu.dk/software/mriwarp/mriwarp.html
Warping tool for intersubject registration of brain images consisting of C functions for Unix systems plus Matlab visualization utility functions. Apart from warping there are also (command line) functions for ANALYZE header information, mirroring, translation, subsampling. The package cannot only be used as a preprocessing step in function neuroimaging but also as a step in deformation-based morphometry.
Proper citation: MRIWarp (RRID:SCR_002072) Copy
Computational neuroscience center that observes and models how functional activities in multiple brain areas interact dynamically to support human cognition, creativity and social interaction. Center research involves development computational methods and software, experimental methods and equipment, collection and analysis of human cognitive experiments, and collaborations to analyze data collected by other groups in such experiments. The Center has a 72-channel EEG recording system customized for use in the fMRI environment, and a very-high density Biosemi Active Two active-electrode EEG system, rapidly configurable either as a 256-channel system for a single subject or as two 136-channel systems for recording from two subjects simultaneously. In addition, UCSD now has a 306-channel MEG plus 128-channel EEG system (Neuromag/Elektra). Projects in the Center include studies of human cognitive processes including attention and memory, role of the anterior/posterior cingulate, time perception and emotional expression. Data acquisition includes high-density EEG, concurrent EEG and fMRI recording and analysis, and face video processing. Current analysis approaches include independent component and time-frequency analysis.
Proper citation: Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience (RRID:SCR_001933) Copy
http://www.pc.rhul.ac.uk/staff/J.Larsson/software.html
Set of programs and Tk/Tcl scripts, with a GUI wrapper, for extracting the inner and outer cortical surfaces from a T1-weighted MR image of the human brain. It is based on the TFI C++ library and is written for a Unix-based environment (specifically 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Ubuntu). As a courtesy to Apple users a version for Apple/X11 is maintained but the OS X version will always lag the Linux version; also, because some of the third-party libraries SurfRelax relies on may not be supported in or compatible with future versions of OS X, there is no guarantee that the OS X version will be supported indefinitely. Although in principle SurfRelax could be run under Windows (using Cygwin), because of the difficulties of maintaining multiple platforms and the limited support libraries available under Cygwin, there will no longer be support for SurfRelax on this platform. The surfaces are guaranteed to be topologically equivalent to a sphere, thereby obviating the need for handle removal. SurfRelax requires no user intervention, although minor manual editing is recommended for optimal results (normally less than 10 minutes per hemisphere). SurfRelax has several properties that compare favorably with other software packages for surface reconstruction: * Free software - The binaries (written in C++ and Tcl/Tk) are in the public domain. The source code will be released once legacy code issues have been resolved (i.e. replacing with GPL code). * Uses standard public file formats: Analyze file format (SPM/FSL-compatible) for volumes and OOGL OFF binary format for surfaces (see www.geomview.org (http://www.geomview.org/docs/html/geomview_26.html#OOGLRef)) * Combines advantages of volumetric and surface-based methods for surface generation * Correct topology of output surface guaranteed * Requires little or no user intervention - no need for manual handle removal * Relatively robust to noise - multi-scale method compensates for partial volume effects and intensity inhomogeneities * Relatively fast (an entire brain is segmented, extracted and unfolded in less than 2 hours of CPU time) * Powerful editing and visualization tools for volumes and surfaces * Readily extendable - for instance for use with monkey brains or children's brains * Can be used to visualize functional data from SPM or FSL * Includes tools for integration with Stanford's VISTASOFT tools for FMRI data analysis (white.stanford.edu)
Proper citation: SurfRelax (RRID:SCR_002139) Copy
Independent international facilitator catalyzing and coordinating global development of neuroinformatics aiming to advance data reuse and reproducibility in global brain research. Integrates and analyzes diverse data across scales, techniques, and species to understand brain function and positively impact the health and well being of society.
Proper citation: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (RRID:SCR_002282) Copy
http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci/course/index.htm
An illustrated guide to the essential basics of clinical neuroscience created in conjunction with the first-year course for medical students.
Topics covered:
* Coronal and horizontal sections
* Basic visual pathway
* Basic somatosensory pathway
* Basic motor pathway
* Eye and retina
* Central visual pathways
* Auditory and vestibular systems
* Somatosensory pathways from the body
* Somatosensory pathways from the face
* Spinal motor structures
* Brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves
* Basal ganglia and cerebellum
* Hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system
* Medial temporal lobe and memory
* Sleep and language
* Where is...?
Proper citation: Washington University School of Medicine Neuroscience Tutorial (RRID:SCR_002271) Copy
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on October 28,2025. Project mapping whole mouse brain connectivity using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) with a specially-designed whole-brain microtome (WBM). With any luck, the whole mouse brain will be mapped ultrastructurally in the near term, which will then open the door to more serious problems; reliable automated segmentation and circuit reconstruction. These will undoubtedly require advances in machine learning methods and their application. Connectomics Software and a Multiresolution Image Viewer (MIV) is also available.
Proper citation: Connectomes.org (RRID:SCR_002243) Copy
http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/nervous/nervous.htm
Histology atlas of different parts of the nervous system that corresponds with the laboratory exercises of the Cell & Tissue Biology course of the School of Medicine of the University of Kansas. Succinct explanations of the tissues to guide the first-year medical student in the use of their microscope is provided and subsequently serves as a permanent histology resource for all medical students and physicians. Sections of the brain that are included are: * Spinal Cord * Central Canal * White Matter * Gray Matter * Dorsal Root Ganglion * Cerebellum * Cerebrum * Astrocytes * Nerve * Node of Ranvier * Pacinian Corpuscle
Proper citation: HistoWeb: Nervous System (RRID:SCR_002369) Copy
http://www.behav.org/abcd/abcd.php
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented August 21, 2017.
Database developed for storing, retrieving and cross-referencing neuroscience information about the connectivity of the avian brain. It contains entries about the new and old terminology of the areas and their hierarchy and data on connections between brain regions, as well as a functional keyword system linked to brain regions and connections.
Proper citation: Avian Brain Circuitry Database (RRID:SCR_002401) Copy
An automatic whole-brain extraction tool for T1-weighted MRI data (commonly known as skull stripping). Whole-brain segmentation is often the first component in neuroimage pipelines and therefore, its robustness is critical for the overall performance of the system. Many methods have been proposed in the literature, but they often: * work well on certain datasets but fail on others. * require case-specific parameter tuning ROBEX aims for robust skull-stripping across datasets with no parameter settings. It fits a triangular mesh, constrained by a shape model, to the probabilistic output of a supervised brain boundary classifier. Because the shape model cannot perfectly accommodate unseen cases, a small free deformation is subsequently allowed. The deformation is optimized using graph cuts.
Proper citation: ROBEX (RRID:SCR_002534) Copy
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on December 6, 2012. Connectome Wiki is a knowledge base for macro- and mesoscale brain region and brain structural connectivity information across species. Employing modern semantic wiki technology, it serves as collaborative platform as well. What can I get? * Brain Regions: Plenty of information, including links to relevant literature and much more. * Brain Connections: Well established neuronal connections based mainly on neuronal tracer studies from the literature. * Abbreviations: Look up abbreviations and corresponding English and Latin names * Partition Schemes: Foundational and more partitions with their corresponding delineation criteria and protocols. * Species: Information about different species is available, using their binomial name as identifier. * External: Enhance the ConnectomeViewer with Volume-To-Ontology mappings. * Data Source: You can download the raw data in RDF or JSON. How can I contribute? If your research is in particular brain regions, or model organisms not yet registered, feel free to act as domain expert and add your knowledge. If you do any tracer studies, add findings with appropriate published papers. Incrementally building a mesoscale skeleton wiring diagram. Complete anything that is missing. See also PapersToAdd. Register your own partition scheme and link it semantically against known schemes. Adding brain region pages for your particular research organisms. Use ConnectomeWiki as knowledge backend for your application concerned with gross neuroanatomy. The goals of this wiki are: * A collaborative platform to collect, collate, manage and disseminate mesoscale nervous system region and connectivity information across various species * Authority for Brain Region Abbreviations * Representation of Brain Region Homologies * Interrelation of Brain Partition Schemes * Information source for the ConnectomeViewer application
Proper citation: Connectome Wiki (RRID:SCR_002675) Copy
http://www.wellesley.edu/Neuroscience/
Neuroscience was implemented as a new interdisciplinary major in 1999, replacing the Psychobiology Program and providing a base of experiences in biology, chemistry and psychology. Our students benefit from being able to work in small classes and to experience investigative lab experiences even in their introductory courses. Wellesley's neuroscience majors graduate with a liberal arts background coupled with sufficient concentration in this specialized field to be competitive among students coming from exclusively research-oriented institutions. The best proofs of the success of this approach are its products: * 60% of our graduates proceed to medical school; * 15% of our graduates continue on with graduate work in neuroscience, psychology, or neuropsychology; * 10% of our graduates pursue careers that intersect with neuroscience - for example, patent law or work in the biotech industry. Neuroscience is the study of the structure and function of neurons and how they are assembled to produce behaviors. This topic uses a multidisciplinary approach that extends from the molecular, through the cellular, and to the behavioral level.
Proper citation: Wellesley College Neuroscience (RRID:SCR_002734) Copy
Core facility that provides access to psychiatrically characterized post-mortem brain specimens, state-of-the-art equipment, cutting-edge technologies and the technical advice of highly trained faculty members who serve as Core Directors. The sophisticated imaging systems and biotechnologically advanced molecular core resources are provided on a shared-use basis to CPN and UMMC researchers. The CPN Research Resources Cores include the Human Brain Collection Core, Animal Core, Imaging Core, Molecular Biology Core, and Information Technologies Core.
Proper citation: UMMC Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience Labs and Facilities (RRID:SCR_002688) Copy
Gene expression data and maps of mouse central nervous system. Gene expression atlas of developing adult central nervous system in mouse, using in situ hybridization and transgenic mouse techniques. Collection of pictorial gene expression maps of brain and spinal cord of mouse. Provides tools to catalog, map, and electrophysiologically record individual cells. Application of Cre recombinase technologies allows for cell-specific gene manipulation. Transgenic mice created by this project are available to scientific community.
Proper citation: Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (RRID:SCR_002721) Copy
http://www.incf.org/activities/our-programs/pons/cumbo
Ontology of formal definitions (i.e., machine processable) for the types of structures commonly described in neuroanatomy.
Proper citation: Common Upper Mammalian Brain Ontology (RRID:SCR_003629) Copy
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